ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017
Low Energy Availability, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Low Bone Mineral Density in Individuals with a Disability: Implications for the Para Athlete Population.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport.British journal of sports medicine · 2020Guideline
- Energy Availability and Nutritional Intake during Different Training Phases of Wheelchair Athletes.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Pregnancy and postpartum experiences of elite para athletes: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- DXA-Measured Total and Regional Body Composition in Female Athletes with a Physical Impairment.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Do Paralympic athletes suffer from brittle bones? Prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density in Paralympic athletes.Bone reports · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in elite wheelchair basketball players over a whole season - a prospective cohort study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Exploring the Nexus of lower extremity proprioception and postural stability in older adults with osteoporosis: a cross-sectional investigation.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Gold Medals, Silver Medals, Bronze Medals, and Total Medals: An Analysis of Summer Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Nutritional Considerations for Para-Cycling Athletes: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): Shared Pathways, Symptoms and Complexities.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Eating Perception, Nutrition Knowledge and Body Image among Para-Athletes: Practical Challenges in Nutritional Support.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Review
- Risk of Low Energy Availability in National and International Level Paralympic Athletes: An Exploratory Investigation.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Physiological Considerations to Support Podium Performance in Para-Athletes.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2021Review
- Energy Availability in Male and Female Elite Wheelchair Athletes over Seven Consecutive Training Days.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Diet in neurogenic bowel management: A viewpoint on spinal cord injury.World journal of gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Heat-related issues and practical applications for Paralympic athletes at Tokyo 2020.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2020Review
- Energy and Nutrient Issues in Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury: Are They at Risk for Low Energy Availability?Nutrients · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low energy availability, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density are three interrelated conditions described in athletic women. Although described as the female athlete triad (Triad), males experience similar health concerns. The literature suggests that individuals with a disability may experience altered physiology related to these three conditions when compared with the able-bodied population. The goal of this review is to describe the unique implications of low energy availability, low bone mineral density, and, in females, menstrual dysfunction in individuals with a disability and their potential impact on the para athlete population. A literature review was performed linking search terms related to the three conditions with six disability categories that are most represented in para sport. Few articles were found that directly pertained to athletes, therefore, the review additionally characterizes literature found in a non-athlete population. Review of the available literature in athletes suggests that both male and female athletes with spinal cord injury demonstrate risk factors for low energy availability. Bone mineral density may also show improvements for wheelchair athletes or athletes with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when compared with a disabled non-athlete population. However, the prevalence of the three conditions and implications on the health of para athletes is largely unknown and represents a key gap in the sports medicine literature. As participation in para sport continues to increase, further research is needed to understand the impact of these three interrelated health concerns for athletes with a disability, accompanied by educational initiatives targeting athletes, coaches, and health professionals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.