ReviewDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Sex disparities in substance abuse research: Evaluating 23 years of structural neuroimaging studies.
Review in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific neural activation to stress and alcohol cues in high-risk drinkers: links between orbitofrontal circuits, alcohol craving, and future drinking.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in dorsal striatal volume and interest in quitting smoking.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- A narrative review on alcohol use in women: insight into the telescoping hypothesis from a biopsychosocial perspective.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Review
- Interneuron-selective HCN channel knockdown in prelimbic cortex of female rats mimics effects of chronic ethanol exposure.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Alterations in Volume and Intrinsic Resting-State Functional Connectivity Detected at Brain MRI in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder.Radiology · 2024Article
- The relationship between alcohol consumption and amygdala volume in a community-based sample.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Sex differences in alcohol's effects on fronto-amygdalar functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Sex differences in neural responses to stress and drug cues predicts future drug use in individuals with substance use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Sex differences in behavioral, cognitive and voluntary ethanol-intake effects in Dexamethasone-induced depression-like state in Wistar rat.AIMS neuroscience · 2022Article
- Evaluating the evidence for sex differences: a scoping review of human neuroimaging in psychopharmacology research.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Gender Dynamics in Substance Use and Treatment: A Women's Focused Approach.The Medical clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Common and gender-specific associations with cocaine use on gray matter volume: Data from the ENIGMA addiction working group.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Publication bias is the consequence of a lack of diversity, equity, and inclusion.Journal of vascular surgery · 2021Article
- Sex and dependence related neuroanatomical differences in regular cannabis users: findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of alcohol dependence: hippocampus and amygdala subregions in a sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Sex/gender differences in brain function and structure in alcohol use: A narrative review of neuroimaging findings over the last 10 years.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
- Sex Differences in Substance Use Disorders: A Neurobiological Perspective.Frontiers in global women's health · 2021Review
- Sex and Age Effects on Neurobehavioral Toxicity Induced by Binge Alcohol.Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Review
- Sex differences in stress-related alcohol use.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Review
- Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders.Clinical psychology review · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex differences in brain structure and clinical course of substance use disorders underscores the need to include women in structural brain imaging studies. The NIH has supported the need for research to address sex differences. We evaluated female enrollment in substance abuse structural brain imaging research and the methods used to study sex differences in substance effects.
methodsStructural brain imaging studies published through 2016 (n=230) were evaluated for number of participants by sex and substance use status and methods used to evaluate sex differences. Temporal trends in the numbers of participants by sex and substance use status were analyzed. We evaluated how often sex effects were appropriately analyzed and the proportion of studies that found sex by substance interactions on volumetric measures.
resultsFemale enrollment increased over time, but remained significantly lower than male enrollment (p=0.01), with the greatest bias for alcohol and opiate studies. 79% of studies included both sexes; however, 74% did not evaluate sex effects or used an analytic approach that precluded detection of sex by substance use interactions. 85% of studies that stratified by sex reported different substance effects on brain volumes. Only 33% of studies examining two-way interactions found significant interactions, highlighting that many studies were underpowered to detect interactions.
conclusionsAlthough female participation in substance use studies of brain morphometry has increased, sex disparity persists. Studying adequate numbers of both sexes and employing correct analytic approaches is critical for understanding sex differences in brain morphometric changes in substance abuse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.