ArticlePloS one2017
Pathogenic waterborne free-living amoebae: An update from selected Southeast Asian countries.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2022Pooled it
- Molecular identification of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in environmental samples from urban areas of Kerman, Southeastern Iran.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Encystment and Excystment Processes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Epidemiology of free-living amoebae infections in Africa: a review.Pathogens and global health · 2023Review
- Free-Living Amoebas in Extreme Environments: The True Survival in our Planet.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- Article
- Cooccurrence of Five PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in full-scale chloraminated municipal drinking water distribution systems.Water research · 2021Article
- Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the health risks linked to two swimming pools regularly frequented from the city of Yaounde in Cameroon (Central Africa).Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the occurrence of pathogenic free-living amoeba and bacteria in 20 public indoor swimming pool facilities.MicrobiologyOpen · 2021Article
- PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Gallic acid- a constituent of Leea indica against Acanthamoeba triangularis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Isolation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Acanthamoeba in Southeast Asia - Overview and Challenges.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2019Review
- Notes from the Field: Acanthamoeba Keratitis Cases - Iowa, 2002-2017.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2019Article
- Vermamoeba vermiformis: a Free-Living Amoeba of Interest.Microbial ecology · 2018Review
- Diversity of free-living amoebae in soils and their associated human opportunistic bacteria.Parasitology research · 2017Article
- Article
- Isolation and Molecular Identification ofIranian journal of parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data on the distribution of free-living amoebae is still lacking especially in Southeast Asian region. The aquatic environment revealed a high occurrence of free-living amoebae (FLA) due to its suitable condition and availability of food source, which subsequently causes infection to humans. A total of 94 water samples consisted of both treated and untreated from Laos (31), Myanmar (42), and Singapore (21) were investigated for the presence of pathogenic FLA. Each water sample was filtered and cultured onto non-nutrient agar seeded with live suspension of Escherichia coli and incubated at room temperature. Morphological identification was conducted for both trophozoites and cysts via microscopic stains (Giemsa and immunofluorescence). The presence of Naegleria-like structures was the most frequently encountered in both treated and untreated water samples, followed by Acanthamoeba-like and Vermamoeba-like features. To identify the pathogenic isolates, species-specific primer sets were applied for molecular identification of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba. The pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba lenticulata and A. triangularis were detected from untreated water samples, while Vermamoeba vermiformis was found in both treated and untreated water samples. Our results suggested that poor water quality as well as inadequate maintenance and treatment might be the cause of this alarming problem since chlorine disinfection is ineffective in eradicating these amoebas in treated water samples. Regular monitoring and examination of water qualities are necessary in order to control the growth, hence, further preventing the widespread of FLA infections among the public.
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