ArticleCancer science2017
Evaluation of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in the early stages of lymph node metastasis.
Article in Cancer science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porphyrin-lipid nanotheranostics for multimodal imaging of nodal disease in preclinical oral cancers.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Optimization of lymphatic drug delivery system with carboplatin for metastatic lymph nodes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fisher discriminant analysis of multimodal ultrasound in diagnosis of cervical metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing Therapeutic Nanoparticle Accumulation in Tumors Using Nanobubble-Based Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Cisplatin-based Liposomal Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Lung Cancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Outlooks.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Drug formulation augments the therapeutic response of carboplatin administered through a lymphatic drug delivery system.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Combination therapy of lymphatic drug delivery and total body irradiation in a metastatic lymph node and lung mouse model.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Experience with Photodynamic Therapy Using Indocyanine Green Liposomes for Refractory Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Intranodal delivery of modified docetaxel: Innovative therapeutic method to inhibit tumor cell growth in lymph nodes.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Intratumoral lymphatic endothelial cell infiltration reflecting lymphangiogenesis is counterbalanced by immune responses and better cancer biology in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment.American journal of cancer research · 2022Article
- Gadolinium-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Protocols for the Evaluation of a Lymphatic Drug Delivery System Combined with Bioluminescence to Treat Metastatic Lymph Nodes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Characterizing perfusion defects in metastatic lymph nodes at an early stage using high-frequency ultrasound and micro-CT imaging.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2021Article
- Artificial Light at Night Reduces Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Mice with Exacerbated Mammary Tumor Growth.Cancers · 2021Article
- Role of lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment-a narrative review of recent advances.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Review
- Study of the physicochemical properties of drugs suitable for administration using a lymphatic drug delivery system.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Photodynamic Theranostics of Central Lung Cancer: Capabilities of Early Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Therapy (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2021Review
- Intranodal pressure of a metastatic lymph node reflects the response to lymphatic drug delivery system.Cancer science · 2020Article
- Imaging of the Mouse Lymphatic Sinus during Early Stage Lymph Node Metastasis Using Intranodal Lymphangiography with X-ray Micro-computed Tomography.Molecular imaging and biology · 2019Article
- Indocyanine green binds to DOTAP liposomes for enhanced optical properties and tumor photoablation.Biomaterials science · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most solid cancers spread to new sites via the lymphatics before hematogenous dissemination. However, only a small fraction of an intravenously administered anti-cancer drug enters the lymphatic system to reach metastatic lymph nodes (LN). Here, we show that the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is not induced during the early stages of LN metastasis. Luciferase-expressing tumor cells were injected into the subiliac LN of the MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mouse to induce metastasis to the proper axillary LN (PALN). In vivo biofluorescence imaging was used to confirm metastasis induction and to quantify the EPR effect, measured as PALN accumulation of intravenously injected indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. PALN blood vessel volume changes were measured by contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound imaging. The volume and density of blood vessels in the PALN increased until day 29 after inoculation, whereas the LN volume remained constant. ICG retention was first detected on day 29 post-inoculation. While CD31-positive cells increased up to day 29 post-inoculation, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells were detected on day 29 post-inoculation for the first time. These results suggest that the EPR effect was not induced in the early stages of LN metastasis; therefore, systemic chemotherapy would likely not be beneficial during the early stages of LN metastasis. The development of an alternative drug delivery system, independent of the EPR effect, is required for the treatment of LN metastasis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.