ReviewJournal of the American College of Cardiology2017
Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences.
Review in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 695 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Cardiac Arrhythmias and the Impact of an Implantable Loop Recorder
Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCEs) After a First Stroke
Who cites it
695 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,316 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor agonists in treating Obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiometabolic and respiratory outcomes.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Pooled it
- Maximizing outcomes by multimodal treatment in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of six different exercise therapies on sleep indices, cardiopulmonary endurance, and body composition in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders: network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Heart failure and suicide mortality and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of wearable and contactless technologies for detecting obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of changes in extracellular vesicles associated with obstructive sleep apnoea: implications for diagnosis and treatment.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dentoskeletal changes of long-term oral appliance treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep apnea in pulmonary hypertension patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis sleep disorders and pulmonary hypertension.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Pooled it
- Microbial dysbiosis in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy of deep learning in diagnosis of apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: The SAVE Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Trial
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Following Bariatric Surgery: 20 Year Outcomes From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: a nonrandomized clinical trial.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Trial
- Healthy lifestyle factors and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with OSA: the SAVE study.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Cardiovascular effects after five nights without continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of hypertension · 2025Trial
- Soluble cytokine receptor levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure therapy.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Performance of obstructive sleep apnea screening questionnaires in hospitalized patients with heart failure.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Computed tomography-derived cardiac parameters versus biochemical inflammatory indices for discriminating disease severity and identifying cardiovascular comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnoea: A cross-sectional study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
635 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease. These disordered breathing events are associated with a profile of perturbations that include intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, sympathetic activation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are critical mediators of cardiovascular disease. Evidence supports a causal association of sleep apnea with the incidence and morbidity of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke. Several discoveries in the pathogenesis, along with developments in the treatment of sleep apnea, have accumulated in recent years. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of sleep apnea, the evidence that addresses the links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, and research that has addressed the effect of sleep apnea treatment on cardiovascular disease and clinical endpoints. Finally, we review the recent development in sleep apnea treatment options, with special consideration of treating patients with heart disease. Future directions for selective areas are suggested.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.