ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Excitotoxins, Mitochondrial and Redox Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Reduction in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Synaptic Mitochondria Contribute to Synaptic Pathology in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sphingolipids in human disease: organ-specific pathologies, chain-length-dependent effects, and translational implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Altered Erythrocyte Function via TLR9-ox-mtDNA Binding Links Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage to Systemic Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- EEG-based frontal excitation/inhibition balance as an objective biomarker for cognitive fatigue across multiple sclerosis and Long COVID.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Role of isoflavones in multiple sclerosis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- The role of metabolomics in stroke: biomarkers of diagnosis and therapy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- NMDA Receptor Antagonist Memantine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Aged Rats.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Tissue Hypoxia and Associated Innate Immune Factors in Experimental Autoimmune Optic Neuritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Acai Berry (Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System Is Suppressed in Cuprizone-Induced Model of Demyelination Simulating Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Oxygen treatment reduces neurological deficits and demyelination in two animal models of multiple sclerosis.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2023Article
- Exploring the impact of ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis: obesity, anxiety, depression, and the glutamate system.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Omics approaches to understanding the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- Sphingolipid Catabolism and Glycerophospholipid Levels Are Altered in Erythrocytes and Plasma from Multiple Sclerosis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There is increasing evidence that MS is not only characterized by immune mediated inflammatory reactions, but also by neurodegenerative processes. There is cumulating evidence that neurodegenerative processes, for example mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. The alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis leads to the formation of excitotoxins and redox disturbances. Mitochondrial dysfunction (energy disposal failure, apoptosis, etc.), redox disturbances (oxidative stress and enhanced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production), and excitotoxicity (Glu mediated toxicity) may play an important role in the progression of the disease, causing axonal and neuronal damage. This review focuses on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction (including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mitochondrial structural/functional changes), oxidative stress (including reactive oxygen and nitric species), and excitotoxicity that are involved in MS and also discusses the potential targets and tools for therapeutic approaches in the future.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.