ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04331470 (Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy Treatment of COVID- 19 Infection Using Oral Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide Inhaler and Comparison of This Treatment Protocol With Standard National Treatment of the Disease
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotype, Susceptibility, Autoimmunity, and Immunotherapy Between Kawasaki Disease and Coronavirus Disease-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring an Integrative Therapy for Treating COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2020Trial
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- AI-driven multimodal imaging fusion using swin transformer and optimized tensor fusion networks for pneumonia detection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prediction hospital mortality for critical illness lung cancer patients with pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An etiopathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- A new immunological paradigm for diseases: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparison of targeted next-generation sequencing and conventional tests for pathogen detection in community-acquired and severe community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A Unified Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases; The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The impact of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on resource utilization associated with viral respiratory tract infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CMTM3 regulates vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by influencing pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability and inflammation in ARDS.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Review on Risk Factors, Traditional Diagnostic Techniques, and Biomarkers for Pneumonia Prognostication and Management in Diabetic Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Blood Inflammatory Markers and Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients With Bacterial Coinfections.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Dayuan Yin alleviates symptoms of HCoV-229E-induced pneumonia and modulates the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK pathway.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2024Article
- The correlation between the level of cellular classification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae and clinical characteristics.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Lymphopenia in sepsis: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- Therapeutic efficacy of thrombin-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles on Escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in mice.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Clinical application of targeted next-generation sequencing in severe pneumonia: a retrospective review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2024Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by infectious insults, such as pneumonia from various pathogens or related to other noninfectious events. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics are similar across severely affected patients, suggesting that a common mode of immune reaction may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ARDS. There may be etiologic substances that have an affinity for respiratory cells and induce lung cell injury in cases of ARDS. These substances originate not only from pathogens, but also from injured host cells. At the molecular level, these substances have various sizes and biochemical characteristics, classifying them as protein substances and non-protein substances. Immune cells and immune proteins may recognize and act on these substances, including pathogenic proteins and peptides, depending upon the size and biochemical properties of the substances (this theory is known as the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis). The severity or chronicity of ARDS depends on the amount of etiologic substances with corresponding immune reactions, the duration of the appearance of specific immune cells, or the repertoire of specific immune cells that control the substances. Therefore, treatment with early systemic immune modulators (corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin) as soon as possible may reduce aberrant immune responses in the potential stage of ARDS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.