ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
RETRACTED: n-Butylidenephthalide Regulated Tumor Stem Cell Genes EZH2/AXL and Reduced Its Migration and Invasion in Glioblastoma.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- RETRACTED: Yen et al.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cryopreservable dopaminergic progenitors derived from human iPSCs with accelerated loss of pluripotency and early functional restoration in Parkinsonian rats.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Cyclohexene oxide CA, a derivative of zeylenone, exhibits anti-cancer activity in glioblastoma by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest through interference with EZH2.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Butylidenephthalide Abrogates the Snail-Induced Cancer Stemness in Oral Carcinomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Targeting the Axl and mTOR Pathway Synergizes Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy to Butylidenephthalide in a Recurrent GBM.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Exploring the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in regulating atherosclerotic disease network based on integrated pharmacological methods.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase in the Glioma Microenvironment: Its Biomarker and Therapy Potentials.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2021Review
- Role of exosomes in malignant glioma: microRNAs and proteins in pathogenesis and diagnosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2020Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-133b suppresses glioma progression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting EZH2.Stem cell research & therapy · 2019Article
- AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising anti-cancer approach: functions, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.Molecular cancer · 2019Review
- Does Axl have potential as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer?Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2018Review
- Non-Canonical Regulation of Type I Collagen through Promoter Binding of SOX2 and Its Contribution to Ameliorating Pulmonary Fibrosis by Butylidenephthalide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Migration/Invasion of Malignant Gliomas and Implications for Therapeutic Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Plant-Derived Compounds Targeting Brain Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Anti-Tumor and Radiosensitization Effects of N-Butylidenephthalide on Human Breast Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive types of brain tumor. Due to its highly recurrent rate and poor prognosis, the overall survival time with this type of tumor is only 20-21 months. Recent knowledge suggests that its recurrence is in part due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display radioresistant, chemoresistant, self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Enhancers of Zeste 2 (EZH2) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) are both highly expressed in GBM. Additionally, they are an essential regulator involved in CSCs maintenance, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, metastasis and patient survival. In this study, we used a small molecule, n-butylidenephthalide (BP), to assess the anti-GBM stem-like cells potential, and then tried to find out the associated genes involved with regulation in migration and invasion. We demonstrated that BP reduced the expression of AXL and stemness related genes in a dose-dependent manner. The migratory and invasive capabilities of GBM stem-like cells could be reduced by AXL/EZH2. Finally, in the overexpression of AXL, EZH2 and Sox2 by transfection in GBM stem-like cells, we found that AXL/EZH2/TGF-ꞵ1, but not Sox2, might be a key regulator in tumor invasion, migration and EMT. These results might help in the development of a new anticancer compound and can be a target for treating GBM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.