ArticleJAMA ophthalmology2017
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Developing Idiopathic Macular Hole Among a Diverse Group of Patients Throughout the United States.
Article in JAMA ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal approaches for managing recurrent macular holes: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Face-down positioning or posturing after macular hole surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Nationwide trends in macular hole, epiretinal membrane and floaters surgery, 2010-2023.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- A two sample Mendelian randomized study of the association of sex hormones and behavioral and clinical risk factors with macular hole.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends and Future Projections of Vitreoretinal Surgery in a Tertiary Hospital in China (2005-2022).Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of pre-operative findings and post-operative outcomes in primary and secondary macular holes at a tertiary eye hospital in South India.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
- Large macular hole and autologous retinal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
- Macular hole with epiretinal proliferation: diagnostic value of en-face optical coherence tomography and clinical characteristics.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in fellow eyes of patients with a macular hole.Fujita medical journal · 2024Article
- Outcomes of epiretinal proliferation embedding technique in the surgery for full-thickness macular hole.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Deep learning-based algorithm for the detection of idiopathic full thickness macular holes in spectral domain optical coherence tomography.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
- Successful closure of a refractory giant (15 sq mm) macular hole with amniotic membrane graft.Journal of surgical case reports · 2024Article
- OIMHS: An Optical Coherence Tomography Image Dataset Based on Macular Hole Manual Segmentation.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional internal limiting membrane peeling for large macular hole.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Development and validation of a deep learning system to classify aetiology and predict anatomical outcomes of macular hole.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Risk factors for the development of idiopathic macular hole: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of Idiopathic Macular Holes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting Ophthalmology Trainees to Pursue Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship.Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Idiopathic macular holes (MHs) are a cause of decreased vision among older Americans. A better understanding of risk factors for MH may help clarify the pathophysiologic factors of MH and identify potential new avenues for preventing and treating idiopathic MHs. Objective: To determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with the development of idiopathic MH requiring surgical repair with vitrectomy among a large group of managed care plan beneficiaries throughout the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted of all beneficiaries 40 years or older who were continuously enrolled for 3 or more years in a nationwide US managed care network between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2012, who had 2 or more visits to an eye care professional. The managed care network was queried starting in 2009, and data analysis was conducted from December 1, 2014, to August 15, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Development of idiopathic MH requiring surgical repair with vitrectomy. Results: Of the 659 357 enrollees who met inclusion criteria (391 674 females and 267 683 males; mean [SD] age, 56.2 [9.2] years), 144 (0.02%) developed an MH requiring vitrectomy. After adjusting for confounding factors, females had a 64% increased risk of developing MH compared with males (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.11-2.43; P = .01), with the effect of sex varying across ages. Compared with white participants, Asian-American enrollees had a 177% increased risk of developing MH (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.27-6.02; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: In this large cohort, sex was confirmed to be associated with developing an MH requiring vitrectomy; the effect varies across ages differently for females vs males. These differences may be the basis for the underlying pathophysiologic factors contributing to the development of MH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.