ArticlePloS one2017
Of the milk sugars, galactose, but not prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide, improves insulin sensitivity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactose-Derived Carbohydrates Induce Sexually Dimorphic Nutritional Programming Effects on Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Galactose alters early-life development and exerts sex-specific nutritional programming effects on lifespan inFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Partial Replacement of Maltodextrin With Galactose in Post-Weaning Diets of Mice Alters Body Composition and Energy Metabolism in Early-Life and Programs Hepatic Igf1 Expression in Later-Life.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Cow's Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Resistant starches from dietary pulses modulate the gut metabolome in association with microbiome in a humanized murine model of ageing.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Galactose in the Post-Weaning Diet Programs Improved Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Association of galactose and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Effect of a diet rich in galactose or fructose, with or without fructooligosaccharides, on gut microbiota composition in rats.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- D-galactose Intake Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Lactose-riched Mongolian mare's milk improves physical fatigue and exercise performance in mice.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Replacing Part of Glucose with Galactose in the Postweaning Diet Protects Female But Not Male Mice from High-Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity in Later Life.The Journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Review
- Comparative analysis of the intestinal flora in type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic mice.Experimental animals · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsumption of dairy products reduces risk of type 2 diabetes. Milk proteins and fats exhibit anti-diabetic properties but milk sugars have been studied little in this context. Galactose from milk lactose is readily converted to glycogen in the liver but its effects on insulin sensitivity have not been assessed. Prebiotic oligosaccharides from milk alter gut microbiota and can thereby influence host metabolism. Our objective was to assess the effect on insulin sensitivity of dietary galactose compared to glucose and fructose, and fermentable galacto-oligosaccharides compared to non-fermentable methylcellulose.
methodsDiets containing 15% of dry matter from glucose, fructose, galactose, galacto-oligosaccharides, or methylcellulose were fed to 36 rats per diet for 9 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with [3-3H]glucose infusion and a steady-state 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose bolus injection were used to assess insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake indices. Tissue was collected in fed, fasted and fasted, insulin-stimulated states.
resultsGalactose increased glucose infusion rate during the clamp by 53% and decreased endogenous glucose production by 57% compared to glucose and fructose. Fed-state hepatic glycogen content was greater with galactose compared to glucose and fructose, consistent with a potentiation of the insulin effect on glycogen synthase by dephosphorylation. Galactose decreased the fecal Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio while galacto-oligosaccharides increased abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. 481-fold compared to methylcellulose, and also increased abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes. Galacto-oligosaccharides did not affect glucose infusion rate or endogenous glucose production during basal or clamp periods compared to methylcellulose.
conclusionsGalactose at 15% of daily intake improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in rats compared to glucose and fructose. Galactose caused an increase in fed-state hepatic glycogen content and a favourable shift in gut microbial populations. Intake of galacto-oligosaccharides improved the gut microbial profile but did not improve insulin sensitivity.
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