Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28206827›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2017

Validity of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test as a cognition performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis.

Ralph Hb Benedict, John DeLuca, Glenn Phillips, Nicholas LaRocca, Lynn D Hudson, Richard Rudick, Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 433 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
433citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05029206 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden - a Register-based Retrospective Observational Study

TypeobservationalSponsorUppsala UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled174ConditionsMultiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingArmsAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
NCT06066281 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Validation and Standardization of the Consecutive-Letter Substitution Task (CST) Test in an Italian Population Sample

TypeobservationalSponsorIRCCS San RaffaeleRan2023 to 2024Enrolled480ConditionsHealthy VolunteersArmsNeuropsychological assessment
NCT06097780 phase3unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Phase III Efficacy and Safety of NestaCell® in Moderated Huntington's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzidus BrasilRan2024 to 2026Enrolled120ConditionsHuntington DiseaseArmsNestaCell®
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

433 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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373 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ralph Hb BenedictDepartment of Neurology and Buffalo General Medical Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
John DeLucaKessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
Glenn PhillipsBiogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nicholas LaRoccaNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, NY, USA.
Lynn D HudsonCritical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Richard RudickBiogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments ConsortiumMultiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive and motor performance measures are commonly employed in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, particularly when the purpose is to determine the efficacy of treatment. The increasing focus of new therapies on slowing progression or reversing neurological disability makes the utilization of sensitive, reproducible, and valid measures essential. Processing speed is a basic elemental cognitive function that likely influences downstream processes such as memory. The Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC) includes representatives from advocacy organizations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), academic institutions, and industry partners along with persons living with MS. Among the MSOAC goals is acceptance and qualification by regulators of performance outcomes that are highly reliable and valid, practical, cost-effective, and meaningful to persons with MS. A critical step for these neuroperformance metrics is elucidation of clinically relevant benchmarks, well-defined degrees of disability, and gradients of change that are deemed clinically meaningful. This topical review provides an overview of research on one particular cognitive measure, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), recognized as being particularly sensitive to slowed processing of information that is commonly seen in MS. The research in MS clearly supports the reliability and validity of this test and recently has supported a responder definition of SDMT change approximating 4 points or 10% in magnitude.

Indexed as

Neuropsychological TestsTask Performance and AnalysisCognitionCognition DisordersFemaleHumansMaleMultiple SclerosisOutcome Assessment, Health CareReproducibility of ResultscognitionMultiple sclerosisperformance outcomeprocessing speedpsychometric validitySymbol Digit Modalities Test

Identifiers

PMID28206827
PMCPMC5405816

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.