ArticleACS chemical neuroscience2017
d-Amino Acid Levels in Perfused Mouse Brain Tissue and Blood: A Comparative Study.
Article in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Analytical Techniques to Chiral Amino Acid Profiling in Clinical Samples: Bridging Chemistry and Disease Research.Chirality · 2026Review
- Detection and functional assessment of D-amino acids as potential biomarkers in neurological disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- d-amino acids: new functional insights.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Advances in Chiral Metabolomic Profiling and Biomarker Discovery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Targeted Chiral Metabolomics of D-Amino Acids: Their Emerging Role as Potential Biomarkers in Neurological Diseases with a Focus on Their Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis upon Chiral Derivatization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- Stereoselective Amine-omics Using Heavy Atom Isotope Labeled l- and d-Marfey's Reagents.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024Article
- When Paul Berg meets Donald Crothers: an achiral connection through protein biosynthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- CHRISTMAS: Chiral Pair Isobaric Labeling Strategy for Multiplexed Absolute Quantitation of Enantiomeric Amino Acids.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Chiral derivatization-enabled discrimination and on-tissue detection of proteinogenic amino acids by ion mobility mass spectrometry.Chemical science · 2022Article
- A Racemic Naphthyl-Coumarin-Based Probe for Quantitative Enantiomeric Excess Analysis of Amino Acids and Enantioselective Sensing of Amines and Amino Alcohols.ChemistryOpen · 2022Article
- Production of both l- and d- N-acyl-homoserine lactones by Burkholderia cepacia and Vibrio fischeri.MicrobiologyOpen · 2021Article
- D-cysteine is an endogenous regulator of neural progenitor cell dynamics in the mammalian brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Enantioselectivity Effects in Clinical Metabolomics and Lipidomics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Chiral Graphene Hybrid Materials: Structures, Properties, and Chiral Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg.Symmetry · 2021Article
- Simultaneous Measurement of Amino Acid Enantiomers in Aged Mouse Brain Samples by LC/MS/MS Combined with Derivatization UsingMetabolites · 2021Article
- Comparison of Metabolomic Profiles of Organs in Mice of Different Strains Based on SPME-LC-HRMS.Metabolites · 2020Article
- Intermolecular Chirality Modulation of Binaphthalene-Bridged Bisporphyrins With Chiral Diamines.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Article
- Influence of d-Amino Acids in Beer on Formation of Uric Acid.Food technology and biotechnology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The l-enantiomer is the predominant type of amino acid in all living systems. However, d-amino acids, once thought to be "unnatural", have been found to be indigenous even in mammalian systems and increasingly appear to be functioning in essential biological and neurological roles. Both d- and l-amino acid levels in the hippocampus, cortex, and blood samples from NIH Swiss mice are reported. Perfused brain tissues were analyzed for the first time, thereby eliminating artifacts due to endogenous blood, and decreased the mouse-to-mouse variability in amino acid levels. Total amino acid levels (l- plus d-enantiomers) in brain tissue are up to 10 times higher than in blood. However, all measured d-amino acid levels in brain tissue are typically ∼10 to 2000 times higher than blood levels. There was a 13% reduction in almost all measured d-amino acid levels in the cortex compared to those in the hippocampus. There is an approximate inverse relationship between the prevalence of an amino acid and the percentage of its d-enantiomeric form. Interestingly, glutamic acid, unlike all other amino acids, had no quantifiable level of its d-antipode. The bioneurological reason for the unique and conspicuous absence/removal of this d-amino acid is yet unknown. However, results suggest that d-glutamate metabolism is likely a unidirectional process and not a cycle, as per the l-glutamate/glutamine cycle. The results suggest that there might be unreported d-amino acid racemases in mammalian brains. The regulation and function of specific other d-amino acids are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.