Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28202134›Full record

ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2017

Interaction between smoking and body mass index and risk of oral clefts.

George L Wehby, Lina M Moreno Uribe, Allen J Wilcox, Kaare Christensen, Paul A Romitti, Ronald G Munger, Rolv T Lie

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

George L WehbyDepartment of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Economics, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City. Electronic address: george-wehby@uiowa.edu.
Lina M Moreno UribeDepartment of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Allen J WilcoxNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Durham, NC.
Kaare ChristensenDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Paul A RomittiDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Ronald G MungerCenter for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan.
Rolv T LieDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Funding

Pulmonary Toxicology Facility CoreP30ES005605 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Brandi Janssen · 1990 to 2026
$40.5M
Epidemiologic Study Of Reproductive Outcomes And Environmental ExposuresZIAES044003 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WILCOX, ALLEN J · 2009 to 2020
$4.7M
Iowa CBDRP: Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureSU01DD001035 · DD · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI ROMITTI, PAUL A · 2013 to 2017
$3.5M
Environmental And Genetic Causes Of Birth DefectsZIAES049027 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WILCOX, ALLEN J · 2009 to 2020
$2.6M
Genetic instrumental variable studies of maternal risk behaviors for oral cleftsR01DE020895 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI WEHBY, GEORGE L · 2010 to 2014
$2.5M
NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001035NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE020895NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine maternal smoking and body mass index (BMI) interactions in contributing to risk of oral clefts.

methodsWe studied 4935 cases and 10,557 controls from six population-based studies and estimated a pooled logistic regression of individual-level data, controlling for study fixed effects and individual-level risk factors.

resultsWe found a significant negative smoking-BMI interaction, with cleft risk with smoking generally declining with higher BMI. For all clefts combined, the odds ratio for smoking was 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.86) at BMI 17 (underweight), 1.47 (95% CI: 1.34-1.62) at BMI 22 (normal weight), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.22-1.48) at BMI 27 (overweight), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.41) at BMI 33 (obese), and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.92-1.38) at BMI 37 (very obese). A negative interaction was also observed for isolated clefts and across cleft types but was more pronounced for cleft lip only and cleft palate only.

conclusionsOur findings suggest that the risk of oral clefts associated with maternal smoking is largest among underweight mothers, although the smoking-BMI interaction is strongest for cleft lip only and cleft palate only. BMI was not protective for the effects of smoking; a clinically relevant increase in smoking-related cleft risk was still present among heavier women.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesCleft LipCleft PalateDenmarkFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsNorwayObesityOdds RatioPregnancyPregnancy Trimester, FirstPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsBody mass indexBody weightCleft lipCleft palateObesitySmoking

Identifiers

PMID28202134
PMCPMC5315269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.