ArticleCell reports2017
The Input-Output Relationship of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain.
Article in Cell reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06294509 (Feasibility and Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Timings in a Sensorimotor Task), which is not on this map. Cited by 159 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility and Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Timings in a Sensorimotor Task
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Functional Subdivisions of Magnocellular Cell Groups in Human Basal Forebrain: Test-Retest Resting-State Study at Ultra-high Field, and Meta-analysis.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Pooled it
- Striatal control of amygdalar acetylcholine release during salience-associated processing.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- The prefrontal cortex across scales: laminar architecture, white-matter constraints, and distributed control in cognition.Brain structure & function · 2026Review
- Subregion-Specific Input Organization of Prefrontal-Projecting Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons and Weakened Striatal-NBM Inhibitory Transmission in 5xFAD mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spontaneous and stimulus-driven arousal produce distinct acetylcholine dynamics across sensory and prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota modulates synaptic plasticity, connectivity, and dopamine transmission in the VTA-mPFC pathway in bipolar depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Activity-Dependent Regulation of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons by Striatal Spiny Projection Neurons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Chronic Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction: Clinical Implement, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Strategy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Wakefulness regulation of memory encoding and retrieval: structure and activity.National science review · 2026Review
- Mesoscopic analysis of GABAergic marker expression in acetylcholine neurons in the whole mouse brain.iScience · 2026Article
- Glutamatergic projection neurons in the basal forebrain underlie learned olfactory associational valence assignments.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Respiration-coordinated attentional switch from feedforward to top-down informational flow directed by the basal forebrain: layer-specific blanket inhibition of pyramidal cells by neurogliaform cells in the piriform cortex.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Article
- Real-Time In Vivo Monitoring of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Mouse Brain Using a Microelectrochemical Choline Biosensor.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Social Reward Learning Deficits and Concordant Brain Alterations in Rats Overexpressing Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1).The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lateral septal inhibition of nucleus basalis through direct and indirect pathways in focal limbic seizures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mesoscopic analysis of GABAergic marker expression in acetylcholine neurons in the whole mouse brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic input mediates adaptive attention allocation to enhance olfactory discrimination.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Whole-brain mapping of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons reveals a long-range reciprocal input-output loop between distinct subtypes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Infralimbic Projections to the Substantia Innominata-Ventral Pallidum Constrain Defensive Behavior during Extinction Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons influence cortical state, plasticity, learning, and attention. They collectively innervate the entire cerebral cortex, differentially controlling acetylcholine efflux across different cortical areas and timescales. Such control might be achieved by differential inputs driving separable cholinergic outputs, although no input-output relationship on a brain-wide level has ever been demonstrated. Here, we identify input neurons to cholinergic cells projecting to specific cortical regions by infecting cholinergic axon terminals with a monosynaptically restricted viral tracer. This approach revealed several circuit motifs, such as central amygdala neurons synapsing onto basolateral amygdala-projecting cholinergic neurons or strong somatosensory cortical input to motor cortex-projecting cholinergic neurons. The presence of input cells in the parasympathetic midbrain nuclei contacting frontally projecting cholinergic neurons suggest that the network regulating the inner eye muscles are additionally regulating cortical state via acetylcholine efflux. This dataset enables future circuit-level experiments to identify drivers of known cortical cholinergic functions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.