ReviewDrugs2017
Therapeutic Options in Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema.
Review in Drugs, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of systemic inflammatory indices and body mass index with diabetic macular edema in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Undergoing Early versus Late Switch from Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy to Dexamethasone Implant.Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Article
- The Comparison of Intracystic Hyperreflectivity in Different Macular Edema Etiologies. Is It a New Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker?Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Article
- Aqueous humour extracellular vesicle membrane protein profiling reveals pathological features of refractory macular edema.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Bevacizumab and beyond: investigating the role of combination therapies in the management of retinal diseases.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Predictive impact of serous retinal detachment in refractory diabetic macular edema.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Visual and anatomical failure of anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vascular diseases: a survival analysis of real-world data.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Use of a multifocal electroretinogram to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a single intravitreal dexamethasone implant, OzurdexInternational journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Intravitreal Bevacizumab Alone Vs Combined With Topical Timolol-Dorzolamide or Dorzolamide for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Surgical Management of Diabetic Macular Edema.Current diabetes reports · 2023Review
- A Randomized Trial Comparing Suprachoroidal and Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema due to Epiretinal Membrane.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- IL-17A Damages the Blood-Retinal Barrier through Activating the Janus Kinase 1 Pathway.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Review
- Optical coherence tomography angiography assessment of 577 nm laser effect on severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with diabetic macular edema.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Serum erythropoietin concentration and its correlation with stage of diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Reply to the letter to the editor: Aflibercept in diabetic macular edema refractory to previous bevacizumab: outcomes and predictors of success.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema: A Comprehensive Review of Current Treatments and Emerging Therapeutic Options.Journal of current ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) results from alterations of several biochemical pathways in diabetic eyes. Centre-involving DMO is an important cause of visual loss in diabetes. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are now the mainstay of centre-involving DMO treatment. Oedema that does not achieve optimal response to these agents occurs in a sizeable proportion of eyes and is called refractory or persistent DMO. Management of refractory DMO is challenging. In this paper, the pathophysiology of DMO, and the definitions used in various studies are summarised. Therapeutic options for refractory DMO management including corticosteroids, laser, combination therapies, and surgery are explored. Novel agents on the horizon for DMO control that are being investigated at present are discussed as well. A literature review was performed and a summary of the research studies for each of the agents is provided in order to guide the reader regarding the existing evidence for their application in DMO. Importance of early recognition of disease and prompt treatment to achieve best visual outcome is discussed. Utility of optical coherence tomography to guide disease diagnosis and monitoring is highlighted. An algorithmic approach for DMO management is described. Finally, the impact that personalized medicine and genetics might have on DMO management is assessed.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.