ReviewJournal of nephropharmacology2016
Diabetic kidney disease: world wide difference of prevalence and risk factors.
Review in Journal of nephropharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 315 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Calcitriol on Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients: Assessment of Urine Podocin, Urine Nephrin, Urine Interleukin-6, Urine KIM-1, Plasma Renin, and Albuminuria
Identification of Diabetic Nephropathy Biomarkers Through Transcriptomics
Who cites it
315 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 529 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of ocular and circulatory cytokines linking diabetic retinopathy to kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Education programmes for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024 · on this mapPooled it
- Efficacy of liraglutide in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the aging kidney: secondary results of a Parkinson's disease clinical trial.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Plasma proteome signatures of ASK1 inhibition by selonsertib associate with efficacy in the MOSAIC randomized trial for diabetic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2025Trial
- An analysis of DPV and DIVE registry patients with chronic kidney disease according to the finerenone phase III clinical trial selection criteria.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of cotadutide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, in a randomized phase 2a study of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Soy protein alleviates DKD by restraining inflammation via the MAPKs/PPAR-γ signaling pathway.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Renal Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety or Tolerability of Zenagamtide.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Serum long noncoding RNA human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) expression levels in Egyptians type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with severity of diabetic nephropathy.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Serum proenkephalin-A as a potential biomarker for assessing renal impairment severity in diabetic kidney disease.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- ANXA1 improves mitochondrial homeostasis through uncoupling protein 1 in diabetic nephropathy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Navigating the kidney disease care cascade in type 2 diabetes: insights from the national diabetes registry.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of the miR-4286 in diabetic kidney disease and its role in inflammatory response.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Advances in understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome‑mediated mechanisms and therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Podocyte Injury in Kidney Allografts.Kidney360 · 2026Review
- Contrastive Latent Functional Model.Statistics in biosciences · 2026Article
- Effects of Psyllium Husk on Metabolic Regulators, Insulin Resistance, and SIRT6 in Liver and Muscle of Type 2 Diabetic Rats.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease - which is defined by elevated urine albumin excretion or reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or both - is a serious complication that occurs in 20% to 40% of all diabetics. In this review we try to highlight the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy which is not uncommon complication of diabetes all over the world. The prevalence of diabetes worldwide has extended epidemic magnitudes and is expected to affect more than 350 million people by the year 2035. There is marked racial/ethnic besides international difference in the epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease which could be explained by the differences in economic viability and governmental infrastructures. Approximately one-third of diabetic patients showed microalbuminuria after 15 years of disease duration and less than half develop real nephropathy. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is more frequent in African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans. Progressive kidney disease is more frequent in Caucasians patients with type 1 than type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), although its overall prevalence in the diabetic population is higher in patients with type 2 DM while this type of DM is more prevalent. Hyperglycemia is well known risk factor for in addition to other risk factors like male sex, obesity, hypertension, chronic inflammation, resistance to insulin, hypovitaminosis D, and dyslipidemia and some genetic loci and polymorphisms in specific genes. Management of its modifiable risk factors might help in reducing its incidence in the nearby future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28197499PMC5297507W2288200855What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.