ArticleBMJ open2017
Association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN IV study.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal variability of exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran during 2009-2020: a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Predicting poor health-related quality of life among Chinese adolescents using explainable machine learning: the role of school adjustment, family context, and lifestyle factors.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Profiles of risk taking behaviors among hookah smokers and associations with life satisfaction.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarker Profiles and Healthcare Utilization Patterns Among U.S. Children.Toxics · 2025Article
- Health literacy as the most important covariate of self-rated health in adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of the mediating role of life style in the relationship between health literacy and self-rated health employing structural equation modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Self-Rated Health in Relation to Sense of Coherence among Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between healthy lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life among Chinese adolescents: the moderating role of gender.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Article
- Burden of diseases attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Iran adolescents from 2009 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cross-Sectional Associations of Self-Reported Social/Emotional Support and Life Satisfaction with Smoking and Vaping Status in Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Contextual influence on poor self-rated health in patients with Chagas disease: multilevel study.Ciencia & saude coletiva · 2022Article
- Relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and sense of gain of health-care reform and the mediating role of self-rated health: a cross-sectional study in China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Trend of passive smoking and associated factors in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN studies.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The relationship between smoking frequency and life satisfaction: Mediator of self-rated health (SRH).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Quality of life and sleep disorders in Tehran Employees Cohort (TEC); Association with secondhand smoking and wealth index.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021Article
- Screening, Counseling, and Health Care Utilization Among a National Sample of Adolescent Smokers.Clinical pediatrics · 2020Article
- Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Respiratory Symptoms, and Emergency Department Use.Pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the joint association of passive and active smoking with self-rated health and life satisfaction among Iranian children and adolescents.
methodsUsing a multistage random cluster sampling method, a representative sample of 14 880 school students were selected from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, a weight scale and metre. Participants were classified into four groups based on their smoking patterns: 'non-smoker', 'only active smoker', 'only passive smoker' and 'active and passive smoker'. Life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires based on the WHO-Global School-based student Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Data were analysed using a t-test, χ
resultsA total of 13 486 individuals (6640 girls and 6846 boys) out of 14 880 invited participated in the study (response rate 90.6%). LS and good SRH showed linearly negative associations with smoking status in both sexes. The proportions of LS and SRH categories were significantly different among all subsets of smoking status. Those classified as 'non-smokers' had the highest proportions of LS and good SRH, followed by 'only passive smokers' and 'only active smokers', while those with 'active and passive smoking' had the lowest proportions of LS and good SRH. In a multivariate model, students in the 'active and passive smoking' group had lower odds of LS (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.57) and good SRH (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.68) than those in the 'non-smoker' group. Students in the 'only passive smoker' group also had lower odds of LS (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and good SRH (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80) compared with the 'non-smoker' group.
conclusionsAdolescents with different smoking habits and exposure patterns have poorer SRH and LS than non-smokers. Both active and passive smoking status could affect LS and SRH in adolescents. Therefore, smoking prevention strategies should be considered as a health priority in school health services for promoting psychological well-being in children and adolescents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.