Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28195832›Full record

ArticleTissue engineering. Part C, Methods2016

Four-Dimensional Printing Hierarchy Scaffolds with Highly Biocompatible Smart Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Shida Miao, Wei Zhu, Nathan J Castro, Jinsong Leng, Lijie Grace Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. 4D Printing of Multifunctional and Biodegradable PLA-PBAT-FeMacromolecular rapid communications · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shida Miao1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, DC.
Wei Zhu1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, DC.
Nathan J Castro1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, DC.
Jinsong Leng2 Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, P.R. China .
Lijie Grace Zhang1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, DC.

Funding

A Novel 3D Bioprinted Smart Vascularized Nano TissueDP2EB020549 · NIBIB · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ZHANG, LIJIE GRACE · 2014 to 2014
$2.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB020549
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to four-dimensional (4D) print novel biomimetic gradient tissue scaffolds with highly biocompatible naturally derived smart polymers. The term "4D printing" refers to the inherent smart shape transformation of fabricated constructs when implanted minimally invasively for seamless and dynamic integration. For this purpose, a series of novel shape memory polymers with excellent biocompatibility and tunable shape changing effects were synthesized and cured in the presence of three-dimensional printed sacrificial molds, which were subsequently dissolved to create controllable and graded porosity within the scaffold. Surface morphology, thermal, mechanical, and biocompatible properties as well as shape memory effects of the synthesized smart polymers and resultant porous scaffolds were characterized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel content analysis confirmed the formation of chemical crosslinking by reacting polycaprolactone triol and castor oil with multi-isocyanate groups. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an adjustable glass transition temperature in a range from -8°C to 35°C. Uniaxial compression testing indicated that the obtained polymers, possessing a highly crosslinked interpenetrating polymeric networks, have similar compressive modulus to polycaprolactone. Shape memory tests revealed that the smart polymers display finely tunable recovery speed and exhibit greater than 92% shape fixing at -18°C or 0°C and full shape recovery at physiological temperature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fabricated scaffolds revealed a graded microporous structure, which mimics the nonuniform distribution of porosity found within natural tissues. With polycaprolactone serving as a control, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation greatly increased on our novel smart polymers. The current work will significantly advance the future design and development of novel and functional biomedical scaffolds with advanced 4D printing technology and highly biocompatible smart biomaterials.

Indexed as

BiomimeticsBone Marrow CellsCells, CulturedHumansMaterials TestingMesenchymal Stem CellsPolymersPrinting, Three-DimensionalTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsPolymers4D printingmesenchymal stem cellpolycaprolactoneshape memorysmart polymer

Identifiers

PMID28195832
PMCPMC5079413

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.