ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2018
Persistence of Zika Virus in Body Fluids - Final Report.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 481 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infectivity in the working age population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sexual Transmission of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Zika virus infection in the genital tract of non-pregnant females: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Zika virus in blood donations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Dengue and Zika Virus Diagnostic Testing for Patients with a Clinically Compatible Illness and Risk for Infection with Both Viruses.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Update: Interim Guidance for Preconception Counseling and Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus for Men with Possible Zika Virus Exposure - United States, August 2018.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2018Guideline
- Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Research Advances and Future Perspectives of Point-of-Care Detection Technologies and Biosensors for Mosquito-Borne Viruses.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Implications of RNA virus persistence for post-acute sequelae and chronic inflammatory syndromes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Detectability of Pathogenic RNA Virus Families in Different Body Sites: A Scoping Review.Viruses · 2026Article
- Zika virus and male reproductive health: essential updates for andrologists and fertility specialists.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Review
- Viral RNA persistence and long-term consequences following acute infection with Risk Group 4 zoonotic viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Viral threats to pregnancy: Global health risks in the era of pandemics.Advances in virus research · 2026Review
- Factors associated with infection and hospitalization of Zika cases during the 2016-2018 outbreak in Mexico.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A pain from the nose to the head: neurological commitment during long COVID.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Development of Maternal Antibodies Post ZIKV in Pregnancy is Associated with Lower Risk of Microcephaly and Structural Brain Abnormalities in Exposed Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Environmental stress drives clearance of a persistent enteric virus in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- A decade later, what have we learned from the Zika epidemic in children with intrauterine exposure?Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo estimate the frequency and duration of detectable Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA in human body fluids, we prospectively assessed a cohort of newly infected participants in Puerto Rico.
methodsWe evaluated samples obtained from 150 participants (including 55 men) in whom ZIKV RNA was detected on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay in urine or blood in an enhanced arboviral clinical surveillance site. We collected serum, urine, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions weekly for the first month and then at 2, 4, and 6 months. All specimens were tested by means of RT-PCR, and serum was tested with the use of anti-ZIKV IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the participants with ZIKV RNA in any specimen at week 4, biweekly collection continued until all specimens tested negative. We used parametric Weibull regression models to estimate the time until the loss of ZIKV RNA detection in each body fluid and reported the findings in medians and 95th percentiles.
resultsThe medians and 95th percentiles for the time until the loss of ZIKV RNA detection were 14 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 11 to 17) and 54 days (95% CI, 43 to 64), respectively, in serum; 8 days (95% CI, 6 to 10) and 39 days (95% CI, 31 to 47) in urine; and 34 days (95% CI, 28 to 41) and 81 days (95% CI, 64 to 98) in semen. Few participants had detectable ZIKV RNA in saliva or vaginal secretions.
conclusionsThe prolonged time until ZIKV RNA clearance in serum in this study may have implications for the diagnosis and prevention of ZIKV infection. Current sexual-prevention guidelines recommend that men use condoms or abstain from sex for 6 months after ZIKV exposure; in 95% of the men in this study, ZIKV RNA was cleared from semen after about 3 months. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.