ArticleScientific reports2017
A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of calcium on coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and their risk factors.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Genetically Determined Serum Calcium Levels and Markers of Ventricular Repolarization: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2021Trial
- Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Are Not Associated With Risk of Incident Ischemic Cardiac Events or Death: Findings From the UK Biobank Cohort.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2018Trial
- Serum magnesium, not calcium, is inversely associated with abnormal HbA1c concentrations in adults with coronary artery disease.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: A Narrative Review.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Cholesterol Auxotrophy as a Targetable Vulnerability in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancer discovery · 2021Article
- Observational
- Review
- The impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels on the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- A phenome-wide association study of genetically mimicked statins.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- An Updated Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association Between Serum Calcium Levels and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Genetically Predicted Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Major Cardiovascular Diseases, Their Risk Factors, Kidney Function, and Longevity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Educational Attainment and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Integrated Genetics and Micronutrient Data to Inform the Causal Association Between Serum Calcium Levels and Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Circulating Vitamin E Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Article
- Bone mineral density and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease: A Mendelian randomization study.Wellcome open research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest calcium could have adverse effects on cardiovascular disease, although these findings are controversial. To clarify, we assessed whether people with genetically higher calcium had a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI) and their risk factors. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. We identified genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) that independently contributed to serum calcium at genome-wide significance which we applied to large extensively genotyped studies of CAD, MI, diabetes, lipids, glycaemic traits and adiposity to obtain unconfounded estimates, with body mass index (BMI) as a control outcome. Based on 4 SNPs each 1 mg/dl increase in calcium was positively associated with CAD (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.17), MI (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06-2.35), LDL-cholesterol (0.21 standard deviations, 95% CI 0.01-0.4), total cholesterol (0.21 standard deviations, 95% CI 0.03-0.38) and possibly triglycerides (0.19 standard deviations, 95% CI -0.1-0.48), but was unlikely related to BMI although the estimate lacked precision. Sensitivity analysis using 13 SNPs showed a higher risk for CAD (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.08). Our findings, largely consistent with the experimental evidence, suggest higher serum calcium may increase the risk of CAD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.