Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28194704›Full record

ArticleThe AAPS journal2017

Challenges and Future Prospects for the Delivery of Biologics: Oral Mucosal, Pulmonary, and Transdermal Routes.

Javier O Morales, Kristin R Fathe, Ashlee Brunaugh, Silvia Ferrati, Song Li, Miguel Montenegro-Nicolini, Zeynab Mousavikhamene, Jason T McConville, Mark R Prausnitz, Hugh D C Smyth

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The AAPS journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
  5. Rethinking asthma therapy, part 1: transdermal delivery of βJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Javier O MoralesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile. jomorales@ciq.uchile.cl.
Kristin R FatheDivision of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
Ashlee BrunaughDivision of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
Silvia FerratiDivision of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
Song LiSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.
Miguel Montenegro-NicoliniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.
Zeynab MousavikhameneChemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Jason T McConvilleCollege of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA. jmcconville@unm.edu.
Mark R PrausnitzSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA. prausnitz@gatech.edu.
Hugh D C SmythDivision of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA. hugh.smyth@austin.utexas.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biologic products are large molecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, etc., which have already produced many new drugs for clinical use in the last decades. Due to the inherent challenges faced by biologics after oral administration (e.g., acidic stomach pH, digestive enzymes, and limited permeation through the gastrointestinal tract), several alternative routes of administration have been investigated to enable sufficient drug absorption into systemic circulation. This review describes the buccal, sublingual, pulmonary, and transdermal routes of administration for biologics with relevant details of the respective barriers. While all these routes avoid transit through the gastrointestinal tract, each has its own strengths and weaknesses that may be optimal for specific classes of compounds. Buccal and sublingual delivery enable rapid drug uptake through a relatively permeable barrier but are limited by small epithelial surface area, stratified epithelia, and the practical complexities of maintaining a drug delivery system in the mouth. Pulmonary delivery accesses the highly permeable and large surface area of the alveolar epithelium but must overcome the complexities of safe and effective delivery to the alveoli deep in the lung. Transdermal delivery offers convenient access to the body for extended-release delivery via the skin surface but requires the use of novel devices and formulations to overcome the skin's formidable stratum corneum barrier. New technologies and strategies advanced to overcome these challenges are reviewed, and critical views in future developments of each route are given.

Indexed as

Drug Administration RoutesBiological ProductsHumansBiological Productsbiologicsbuccalinhalationmicroenvironmentmucosalpulmonaryskinsublingualtransdermal

Identifiers

PMID28194704

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.