ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2017
Population Density and AIDS-Related Stigma in Large-Urban, Small-Urban, and Rural Communities of the Southeastern USA.
Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Impact of Mass Media on HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- A digital citizen science intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV testing: a randomized clinical trial among adolescents and young adults in Kazakhstan.Sexual health · 2025Trial
- Stigma Diminishes the Protective Effect of Social Support on Psychological Distress Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2018Trial
- Differences in HIV testing may determine the first pillar of the HIV care continuum in a cross-border setting.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- "It's a lifeline": perspectives and experiences of health technology use among HIV care providers in rural Florida.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Opinions and Concerns Surrounding Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) and Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Current and Former LAI and Oral PrEP Users.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Context-Dependent Effects of HIV Disclosure on Social Isolation Among Rural PLHIV: A Pilot Configurational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Measuring Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Stigma Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Western Kenya: Scale Development, Validation, and Associations with PrEP Adherence.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Disparities in HIV Care: A Rural-Urban Analysis of Healthcare Access and Treatment Adherence in Georgia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between HIV knowledge and stigma among HIV healthcare workers in the Dominican Republic: The role of empathy and social distance.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- Drive time to care and retention in HIV care: Rural-urban differences among Medicaid enrollees in the United States South.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Population Density and Health Outcomes in Women with HIV in the Southern United States: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- Access to Federally Qualified Health Centers and HIV Outcomes in the U.S. South.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The Burden of HIV Stigma and Associated Factors among HIV Infected Adolescents Attending HIV Clinics in Kampala City: A Cross-Sectional Study in Uganda.EC psychology and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Factors associated with quality of life, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress among rural older adults living with HIV in the United States.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Finding the Right Angle: A Geometric Approach to Measuring Intersectional HIV Stigma.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- The geographic reach of community-based organizations in addressing HIV-related stigma in the Deep South.AIDS care · 2022Article
- The development and evaluation of an HIV implementation science network in New England: lessons learned.Implementation science communications · 2021Article
- Associations between population density and clinical and sociodemographic factors in women living with HIV in the Southern United States.AIDS care · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
AIDS stigmas delay HIV diagnosis, interfere with health care, and contribute to mental health problems among people living with HIV. While there are few studies of the geographical distribution of AIDS stigma, research suggests that AIDS stigmas are differentially experienced in rural and urban areas. We conducted computerized interviews with 696 men and women living with HIV in 113 different zip code areas that were classified as large-urban, small-urban, and rural areas in a southeast US state with high-HIV prevalence. Analyses conducted at the individual level (N = 696) accounting for clustering at the zip code level showed that internalized AIDS-related stigma (e.g., the sense of being inferior to others because of HIV) was experienced with greater magnitude in less densely populated communities. Multilevel models indicated that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, rural communities reported greater internalized AIDS-related stigma compared to large-urban areas and that small-urban areas indicated greater experiences of enacted stigma (e.g., discrimination) than large-urban areas. The associations between anticipated AIDS-related stigma (e.g., expecting discrimination) and population density at the community-level were not significant. Results suggest that people living in rural and small-urban settings experience greater AIDS-related internalized and enacted stigma than their counterparts living in large-urban centers. Research is needed to determine whether low-density population areas contribute to or are sought out by people who experienced greater AIDS-related stigma. Regardless of causal directions, interventions are needed to address AIDS-related stigma, especially among people in sparsely populated areas with limited resources.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.