Observational studyBMJ open2016
Protective factors for child development at age 2 in the presence of poor maternal mental health: results from the All Our Babies (AOB) pregnancy cohort.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Women's experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2020Pooled it
- Exploring the Evidence Base on the Association Between Parents' Adverse and Positive Experiences and the Developmental, Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes of Their Offspring: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Maternal psychiatric admissions and Child developmental delays: A nationwide cohort study.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Maternal social support and child developmental outcomes: an analysis of the Born in Bradford cohort.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Article
- Maternal perinatal social support and infant social-emotional problems and competencies: a longitudinal cross-cohort replication study.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Effects of postpartum PTSD on maternal mental health and child socioemotional development - a two-year follow-up study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- The association between maternal social support levels during pregnancy and child development at three years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Des expériences négatives de l'enfance à la santé relationnelle précoce : les conséquences pour la pratique clinique.Paediatrics & child health · 2023Review
- From ACEs to early relational health: Implications for clinical practice.Paediatrics & child health · 2023Review
- Child and family factors associated with positive outcomes among youth born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Persistent Maternal Mental Health Disorders and Toddler Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: Longitudinal Follow-up of a Low-Income South African Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Maternal mental health and infant neurodevelopment at 6 months in a low-income South African cohort.Infant mental health journal · 2022Article
- Early life circadian rhythm disruption in mice alters brain and behavior in adulthood.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Integrated early childhood development services improve mothers' experiences with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs in Malawi: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Risk factors for early childhood disability in Bangladesh: Evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019.PloS one · 2021Article
- Health care service for families with children at early risk of developmental delay: an All Our Families cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2020Article
- Early parental positive personality and stress: Longitudinal associations with children's sleep.British journal of health psychology · 2019Article
- Examining postpartum depression screening effectiveness in well child clinics in Alberta, Canada: A study using the All Our Families cohort and administrative data.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Assessing community readiness for early intervention programmes to promote social and emotional health in children.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify the combination of factors most protective of developmental delay at age 2 among children exposed to poor maternal mental health.
designObservational cohort study.
settingPregnant women were recruited from primary healthcare offices, the public health laboratory service and community posters in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
participants1596 mother-child dyads who participated in the All Our Babies study and who completed a follow-up questionnaire when their child was 2 years old. Among participants who completed the 2-year questionnaire and had complete mental health data (n=1146), 305 women (27%) were classified as high maternal mental health risk. PRIMARY MEASURES: Child development at age 2 was described and a resilience analysis was performed among a subgroup of families at maternal mental health risk. The primary outcome was child development problems. Protective factors were identified among families at risk, defined as maternal mental health risk, a composite measure created from participants' responses to mental health life course questions and standardised mental health measures.
resultsAt age 2, 18% of children were classified as having development problems, 15% with behavioural problems and 13% with delayed social-emotional competencies. Among children living in a family with maternal mental health risk, protective factors against development problems included higher social support, higher optimism, more relationship happiness, less difficulty balancing work and family responsibilities, limiting the child's screen time to <1 hour per day and the child being able to fall asleep in <30 min and sleeping through the night by age 2.
conclusionsAmong families where the mother has poor mental health, public health and early intervention strategies that support interpersonal relationships, social support, optimism, work-life balance, limiting children's screen time and establishing good sleep habits in the child's first 2 years show promise to positively influence early child development.
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