ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2017
Polygenic Risk Score for Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomic scores in psychiatry: systematic review of current evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Predictors of treatment resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review of prospective observational studies.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Distinct contributions of schizophrenia and neurotransmitter pathway genetic liability to neurocognition and antipsychotic efficacy in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk scores in pharmacogenomics: methodological challenges, current applications, and perspectives for clinical implementation.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence for causal relationship between general cognition and treatment resistance in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Why Is Clozapine Uniquely Effective in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia? A Review and Proposal.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Genetics to Improve Outcomes in Schizophrenia (GENios): A within-case molecular genetic study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Polygenic Scores for Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment Predict Global Functioning Across Psychiatric Hospitalization Among People with Schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Transdiagnostic Effects of Schizophrenia Polygenic Scores on Treatment Outcomes in Major Psychiatric Disorders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Development and initial evaluation of a clinical prediction model for risk of treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: Schizophrenia Prediction of Resistance to Treatment (SPIRIT).The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomics polygenic risk score: Ready or not for prime time?Clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- The relationship between familial-genetic risk and pharmacological treatment in a Swedish national sample of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Prediction of antipsychotics efficacy based on a polygenic risk score: a real-world cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Applying polygenic risk score methods to pharmacogenomics GWAS: challenges and opportunities.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Genomic findings in schizophrenia and their implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Increased Prevalence of Rare Copy Number Variants in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Article
- Psychotic disorders as a framework for precision psychiatry.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects around one-third of individuals with schizophrenia. Although a number of sociodemographic and clinical predictors of TRS have been identified, data on the genetic risk of TRS are sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and treatment resistance in patients with schizophrenia. We conducted a nationwide, population-based follow-up study among all Danish individuals born after 1981 and with an incident diagnosis of schizophrenia between 1999 and 2007. Based on genome-wide data polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia were calculated in 862 individuals with schizophrenia. TRS was defined as either clozapine initiation or at least 2 periods of different antipsychotic monotherapies and still being hospitalized. We estimated hazard rate ratios (HRs) for TRS in relation to the polygenic risk score while adjusting for population stratification, age, sex, geographical area at birth, clinical treatment setting, psychiatric comorbidity, and calendar year. Among the 862 individuals with schizophrenia, 181 (21.0%) met criteria for TRS during 4674 person-years of follow-up. We found no significant association between the polygenic risk score and TRS, adjusted HR = 1.13 (95% CI: 0.95-1.35). Based on these results, the use of the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia to identify individuals with TRS is at present inadequate to be of clinical utility at the individual patient level. Future research should include larger genetic samples in combination with non-genetic markers. Moreover, a TRS-specific developed polygenic risk score would be of great interest towards early prediction of TRS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.