Observational studyPloS one2017
Etiology of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children.
Observational study in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating severe pneumonia: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of atypical pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of MEDI8897, an Extended Half-life Single-dose Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F-targeting Monoclonal Antibody Administered as a Single Dose to Healthy Preterm Infants.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Trial
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- A Review of Respiratory Infection Caused by the Human Metapneumovirus: Occurrence, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Public Health Outcomes, and Intervention Strategies.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends in Lower Respiratory Infection Mortality in Ecuador, 2012-2022.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infection mortality among children under 5 years old: a time series, Brazil, 2002-2022.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2026Article
- Factors associated with asthma attack recurrence in Ecuadorian children: longitudinal study of potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Epidemiological association of the COVID-19 pandemic onBMJ open · 2025Article
- Medically Attended Outpatient Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Young Children from a Single Site in Machala, Ecuador.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Clinical, Meteorological, and Air Quality Factors Associated with Ambulatory Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Machala, Ecuador, 2018-2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Correlation of DNA load, genotyping, and clinical phenotype ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Effect of infant viral respiratory disease on childhood asthma in a non-industrialized setting.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Article
- Pathogenic Role and Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-ResistantAdvances in respiratory medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome surveillance caused by respiratory viruses in a pediatric unit, 2013 to 2019.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Antibiotic resistance ofFrontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Correlates with Serum Inflammatory Markers in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infection in infants and young children suffering with community acquired pneumonia in Ningxia, China.Virology journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Latin America, community-acquired pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Few studies have examined the etiology of pneumonia in Ecuador.
methodsThis observational study was part of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted among children aged 2-59 months with severe pneumonia in Quito, Ecuador. Nasopharyngeal and blood samples were tested for bacterial and viral etiology by polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors for specific respiratory pathogens were also evaluated.
resultsAmong 406 children tested, 159 (39.2%) had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 71 (17.5%) had human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and 62 (15.3%) had adenovirus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in 37 (9.2%) samples and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in three (0.74%) samples. The yearly circulation pattern of RSV (P = 0.0003) overlapped with S. pneumoniae, (P = 0.03) with most cases occurring in the rainy season. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for RSV included younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.9, P = 0.01) and being underweight (aOR = 1.8, P = 0.04). Maternal education (aOR = 0.82, P = 0.003), pulse oximetry (aOR = 0.93, P = 0.005), and rales (aOR = 0.25, P = 0.007) were associated with influenza A. Younger age (aOR = 3.5, P = 0.007) and elevated baseline respiratory rate were associated with HPIV-3 infection (aOR = 0.94, P = 0.03).
conclusionThese results indicate the importance of RSV and influenza, and potentially modifiable risk factors including undernutrition and future use of a RSV vaccine, when an effective vaccine becomes available.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00513929.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.