ArticleCarcinogenesis2017
CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms and biomarkers of tobacco smoke constituents in relation to risk of lung cancer in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Nicotine metabolites generate craniofacial defects that are worsened by ethanol exposure.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- A quantitative comparison of the deleteriousness of missense and nonsense mutations using the structurally resolved human protein interactome.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptible loci and evaluation of polygenic risk score for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Taiwanese population.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Epigenome-wide association study of total nicotine equivalents in multiethnic current smokers from three prospective cohorts.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- CYP2A6 associates with respiratory disease risk and younger age of diagnosis: a phenome-wide association Mendelian Randomization study.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- The use of biomarkers to guide precision treatment for tobacco use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Toxicants with Lung Cancer Incidence in Smokers: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Impact of Genetic Variants in the Nicotine Metabolism Pathway on Nicotine Metabolite Levels in Smokers.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation of Tobacco-SpecificInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Associations of biomarkers for exposure to tobacco smoke with lung cancer risk in Korea.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2022Article
- Metabolomic Profiling in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.Metabolites · 2021Review
- A genome-wide association study of quantitative computed tomographic emphysema in Korean populations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenetics factors influencing smoking cessation success; the importance of nicotine metabolism.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2021Review
- Alkylating and oxidative stresses in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD: Implications for lung carcinogenesis.Free radical biology & medicine · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Urinary 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and Lung Cancer Risk in the General Population: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Metabolites · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) catalyzes the metabolism of nicotine and the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Genetic variation in CYP2A6 may affect smoking behavior and contribute to lung cancer risk. A nested case-control study of 197 lung cancer cases and 197 matched controls was conducted within a prospective cohort of 63 257 Chinese men and women in Singapore. Quantified were five genetic variants of CYP2A6 (*1A, *4, *7, *9 and *12) and urinary metabolites of nicotine [total nicotine, total cotinine, total trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC)] and NNK (total NNAL, free NNAL, NNAL-glucuronide, NNAL-N-glucuronide, and NNAL-O-glucuronide). Higher urinary metabolites of nicotine and NNK were significantly associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of lung cancer after adjustment for smoking intensity and duration. Lower CYP2A6-determined nicotine metabolizer status was significantly associated with a lower ratio of total 3HC over total cotinine, lower total nicotine equivalent and reduced risk of developing lung cancer (all Ptrend < 0.001). Compared with normal metabolizers, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of developing lung cancer for intermediate, slow and poor metabolizers determined by CYP2A6 genotypes were 0.85 (0.41-1.77), 0.55 (0.28-1.08) and 0.32 (0.15-0.70), respectively, after adjustment for smoking intensity and duration and urinary total nicotine equivalents. Thus the reduced risk of lung cancer in smokers with lower CYP2A6 activity may be explained by lower consumption of cigarettes, less intense smoking and reduced CYP2A6-catalyzed activation of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen NNK.
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