ArticleImmunogenetics2017
The evolution of the natural killer complex; a comparison between mammals using new high-quality genome assemblies and targeted annotation.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic susceptibility to sarcoid in Arabian horses: associations with MHC class II and compound MHC class I/KLRA genotypes.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- A genome assembly and transcriptome atlas of the inbred Babraham pig to illuminate porcine immunogenetic variation.Immunogenetics · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of the Natural Killer Complex in carnivores.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Emergence and influence of sequence bias in evolutionarily malleable, mammalian tandem arrays.BMC biology · 2023Article
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- Placing human gene families into their evolutionary context.Human genomics · 2022Review
- Comparative Genomics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of Felids.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Evolution of Cellular Immunity Effector Cells; Perspective on Cytotoxic and Phagocytic Cellular Lineages.Cells · 2021Review
- Placental Transcriptome Adaptations to Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Novel functional sequences uncovered through a bovine multiassembly graph.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- High-Quality Nursing Care for the Elderly in the Department of Otolaryngology.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Two Lineages ofJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Efficient Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation of Human KIR Haplotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Evidence of functional Cd94 polymorphism in a free-living house mouse population.Immunogenetics · 2019Article
- The Structure, Evolution, and Gene Expression Within the Caprine Leukocyte Receptor Complex.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Natural Killer Cell Receptor Genes in Camels: Another Mammalian Model.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- The unique evolution of the pig LRC, a single KIR but expansion of LILR and a novel Ig receptor family.Immunogenetics · 2018Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a diverse population of lymphocytes with a range of biological roles including essential immune functions. NK cell diversity is in part created by the differential expression of cell surface receptors which modulate activation and function, including multiple subfamilies of C-type lectin receptors encoded within the NK complex (NKC). Little is known about the gene content of the NKC beyond rodent and primate lineages, other than it appears to be extremely variable between mammalian groups. We compared the NKC structure between mammalian species using new high-quality draft genome assemblies for cattle and goat; re-annotated sheep, pig, and horse genome assemblies; and the published human, rat, and mouse lemur NKC. The major NKC genes are largely in the equivalent positions in all eight species, with significant independent expansions and deletions between species, allowing us to propose a model for NKC evolution during mammalian radiation. The ruminant species, cattle and goats, have independently evolved a second KLRC locus flanked by KLRA and KLRJ, and a novel KLRH-like gene has acquired an activating tail. This novel gene has duplicated several times within cattle, while other activating receptor genes have been selectively disrupted. Targeted genome enrichment in cattle identified varying levels of allelic polymorphism between the NKC genes concentrated in the predicted extracellular ligand-binding domains. This novel recombination and allelic polymorphism is consistent with NKC evolution under balancing selection, suggesting that this diversity influences individual immune responses and may impact on differential outcomes of pathogen infection and vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.