ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2017
Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agriculture-urban interfaces, social vulnerability and climate change shape West Nile virus risk across the United States.Biology letters · 2026Article
- The Role of Wildlife and Climate Change in the Emergence of One Health-Related Viral Diseases in Australia.Viruses · 2026Review
- Evaluating the ability of a thermal biology-informed reproduction number to explain patterns of West Nile incidence in Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the safety and insecticidal efficacy of ivermectin-treated bird feed formulations in different avian species.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Accounting for spatial variation in weather factors predicts spatial variations in Culex quinquefasciatus abundance in the Desert Southwest.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Sickened by the Weather: Exploring the Climatic Impact on West Nile Virus (WNV) andInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Variations in annual dengue intensities are explained by temperature anomalies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Circulation dynamics of West Nile virus in Germany, 2023 and 2024.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the safety and insecticidal efficacy of ivermectin-treated bird feed formulations in different avian species.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evaluating Associations Between Drought and West Nile Virus Epidemics: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Understanding Climate Change Threats to Vertebrate Wildlife by Studying Ecoimmunology Across Biological Scales.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Review
- Modeling Phenological and Physiological Responses to Climate Warming in a Hypothetical Migratory Songbird-Mosquito System.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Review
- Retrospective Analysis and Cross-Validated Forecasting of West Nile Virus Transmission in Italy: Insights from Climate and Surveillance Data.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Structure-Function Insights into Frog Skin Peptides Reveal Potent Inhibition of West Nile Virus Entry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Trends of infectious diseases, epidemic patterns, and the association with meteorological events: 2500 years of evidence from an observational study.Journal of global health · 2025Observational
- The paradoxical impact of drought on West Nile virus risk: insights from long-term ecological data.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Extreme climate whiplash events drive divergent responses of mosquito-borne disease.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Integrating Wind Speed Into Climate-Based West Nile Virus Models: A Comparative Analysis in Two Distinct Regions.GeoHealth · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.
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