Trial reportNeurology2017
Phase I/II multicenter ketogenic diet study for adult superrefractory status epilepticus.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IClinical Trial, Phase IIMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Trial report in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Keto-diet for Intubated Critical Care COVID-19 (KICC-COVID19)
Ketogenic Diet Treatment for Super-refractory Status Epilepticus: a Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Expanding Indications for a Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant Therapy in Adult Refractory Status Epilepticus: an Exploratory Study Using Moderation Analysis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Adjunctive Mediterranean Diet in a Middle-Aged Male With Autoimmune Encephalitis and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures: A Longitudinal Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Current concepts on feeding the critically ill patient: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet in Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Severity-Matched Controls in Critically Ill Adults.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 Mediates β-hydroxybutyrate's Antiseizure Effect in Mice.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Feeding the injured brain: nutrients, dose, timing, and monitoring.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Ketogenic diet for status epilepticus in adult intensive care unit patients: a standard operating procedure.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Status epilepticus: Updates on mechanisms and treatments.Epilepsia open · 2025Review
- Status epilepticus in older adults: A critical review.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Epilepsy.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Status epilepticus in the ICU.Intensive care medicine · 2024Review
- A randomized feasibility trial of the modified Atkins diet in older adults with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Ketogenic diet treatment for super-refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit: feasibility, safety and effectiveness.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid reveals prognostic biomarkers in pediatric status epilepticus.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Glycolytic lactate production supports status epilepticus in experimental animals.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- EEG Correlates of Qualitative Hypermetabolic FDG-PET in Patients With Neurologic Disorders.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2023Article
- Status Epilepticus in Older Adults: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations.Drugs & aging · 2023Article
- Ketogenic diet for super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) with NORSE and FIRES: Single tertiary center experience and literature data.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Changes in lipids and inflammation in adults with super-refractory status epilepticus on a ketogenic diet.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Mackenzie C CervenkaFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. mcerven1@jhmi.edu.
Sara HockerFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Matthew KoenigFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Barak BarFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Bobbie Henry-BarronFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Eric H KossoffFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Adam L HartmanFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
John C ProbascoFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
David R BenavidesFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Arun VenkatesanFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Eliza C HagenFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Denise DittrichFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Tracy SternFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Batya RadzikFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Marie DepewFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Filissa M CasertaFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Paul NyquistFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Peter W KaplanFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Romergryko G GeocadinFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.C.C., E.H.K., A.L.H., J.C.P., D.R.B., A.V., B.R., M.D., F.M.C., P.N.), Pediatrics (E.H.K., A.L.H.), and Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine (R.G.G.), Neurosurgery and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (S.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neuroscience Institute (M.K., E.C.H., D.D., T.S.), Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; Department of Neurology (B.B.), Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B.H.-B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Neurology (P.W.K.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Johns Hopkins University · USLoyola Medicine · USQueen's Medical Center · USMayo Clinic in Arizona · US
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a ketogenic diet (KD) for superrefractory status epilepticus (SRSE) in adults.
methodsWe performed a prospective multicenter study of patients 18 to 80 years of age with SRSE treated with a KD treatment algorithm. The primary outcome measure was significant urine and serum ketone body production as a biomarker of feasibility. Secondary measures included resolution of SRSE, disposition at discharge, KD-related side effects, and long-term outcomes.
resultsTwenty-four adults were screened for participation at 5 medical centers, and 15 were enrolled and treated with a classic KD via gastrostomy tube for SRSE. Median age was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30 years), and 5 (33%) were male. Median number of antiseizure drugs used before KD was 8 (IQR 7), and median duration of SRSE before KD initiation was 10 days (IQR 7 days). KD treatment delays resulted from intravenous propofol use, ileus, and initial care received at a nonparticipating center. All patients achieved ketosis in a median of 2 days (IQR 1 day) on KD. Fourteen patients completed KD treatment, and SRSE resolved in 11 (79%; 73% of all patients enrolled). Side effects included metabolic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, constipation, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and weight loss. Five patients (33%) ultimately died.
conclusionsKD is feasible in adults with SRSE and may be safe and effective. Comparative safety and efficacy must be established with randomized placebo-controlled trials. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that in adults with SRSE, a KD is effective in inducing ketosis.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDiet, KetogenicFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexStatus EpilepticusTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult
Identifiers
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04358835ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07496749ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.