ArticlePloS one2017
Paucity of Intact Non-Induced Provirus with Early, Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy of Perinatal HIV Infection.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- HIV-1 in lymph nodes is maintained by cellular proliferation during antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Predictive markers for sustained viral suppression on dual bNAbs during ART interruption in children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Virological Remission in Two HIV-Infected Children After Early cART in Libreville, Gabon.Case reports in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 reservoir evolution in infants infected with clade C from Mozambique.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Review
- Measuring Proviral HIV-1 DNA: Hurdles and Improvements to an Assay Monitoring Integration Events Utilising HumanLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Persistence in Children during Suppressive ART.Viruses · 2021Review
- Pediatric HIV: the Potential of Immune Therapeutics to Achieve Viral Remission and Functional Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- The HIV-1 antibody response: a footprint of the viral reservoir in children vertically infected with HIV.The lancet. HIV · 2020Review
- Impact of Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Function in Perinatally Infected Children.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Intact HIV Proviruses Persist in Children Seven to Nine Years after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in the First Year of Life.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Propelling the Pediatric HIV Therapeutic Agenda With Science, Innovation, and Collaboration.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Barriers and strategies to achieve a cure for HIV.The lancet. HIV · 2018Review
- Eradication of HIV from Tissue Reservoirs: Challenges for the Cure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV eradication. Reservoir size is emerging as an important biomarker to assess the likelihood of HIV remission in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be reduced by earlier initiation of ART that restricts HIV spread into CD4+ T cells. Reservoir size is traditionally measured with a quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) that induces replication-competent HIV production through in vitro stimulation of resting CD4+ T cells. However, the recent identification of replication-intact, non-induced proviral genomes (NIPG) suggests the QVOA significantly underestimates (by 62-fold) latent reservoir size in chronically-infected adults. Whether formation and persistence of Intact, NIPG is thwarted by early ART initiation and long-term virologic suppression in perinatal infection is unclear. Here, we show that the latent reservoir in 11 early treated, long-term suppressed perinatally infected children and adolescents was not inducible by QVOA and dominated by defective, NIPG. Single genome analysis of 164 NIPG from 232 million cultured resting CD4+ T cells revealed no replication-intact, near-full length sequences. Forty-three (26%) NIPG contained APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation, 115 (70%) NIPG contained large internal deletions, one NIPG contained nonsense mutations and indels, and 5 (3%) NIPG were assigned as "Not Evaluable" due to multiple failed sequencing attempts that precluded further classification. The lack of replication competent inducible provirus and intact NIPG in this cohort indicate early, long-term ART of perinatal infection leads to marked diminution of replication-competent HIV-1 reservoirs, creating a favorable state towards interventions aimed at virologic remission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.