Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28177118›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied behavior analysis2017

Noncontingent reinforcement for the treatment of severe problem behavior: An analysis of 27 consecutive applications.

Cara L Phillips, Julia A Iannaccone, Griffin W Rooker, Louis P Hagopian

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05829668 (Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05829668 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Problem Behavior in Children With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

TypeinterventionalSponsorHugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.Ran2023 to 2026Enrolled20ConditionsCornelia de Lange SyndromeArmsABA-based functional analysis and treatment
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Competing stimulus assessments: A systematic review.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2020
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. A scoping review of consecutive controlled case series studies.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. The Need to Distinguish between "Lapse" and "Relapse".Perspectives on behavior science · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. A Neurobehavioral Continuum of Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities with Severe Problem Behavior.Children's health care : journal of the Association for the Care of Children's Health · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Correspondence between Fail-SafePerspectives on behavior science · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Investigations of operant ABA renewal during differential reinforcement.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2020
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cara L PhillipsThe Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Julia A IannacconeThe Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Griffin W RookerThe Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Louis P HagopianThe Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Kennedy Krieger Institute · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Delineating Subtypes of Self-Injurious Behavior Maintained by Automatic ReinforceR01HD076653 · NICHD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI HAGOPIAN, LOUIS P. · 2013 to 2024
$3.2M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD076653
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a commonly used treatment for severe problem behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The current study sought to extend the literature by reporting outcomes achieved with 27 consecutive applications of NCR as the primary treatment for severe problem behavior. All applications of NCR were included regardless of treatment outcome to minimize selection bias favoring successful cases. Participants ranged in age from 5 to 33 years. We analyzed the results across behavioral function and with regard to the use of functional versus alternative reinforcers. NCR effectively treated problem behavior maintained by social reinforcement in 14 of 15 applications, using either the functional reinforcer or alternative reinforcers. When we implemented NCR to treat problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement, we often had to add other treatment components to produce clinically significant effects (five of nine applications). Results provide information on the effectiveness and limitations of NCR as treatment for severe problem behavior.

Indexed as

Behavior TherapyIntellectual DisabilityReinforcement, PsychologyAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsTreatment OutcomeYoung Adultconsecutive case seriesintellectual disabilitiesnoncontingent reinforcementproblem behavior

Identifiers

PMID28177118
PMCPMC8793041
OpenAlexW2586862078

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.