ArticleFrontiers in plant science2017
A Comprehensive Analysis of RALF Proteins in Green Plants Suggests There Are Two Distinct Functional Groups.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pectin Structural Dynamics: Developmental and Evolutionary Perspectives.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A symbiotic MLO gene regulates root development via RALF34-triggered Ca2+ signaling in Lotus japonicus.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Small Signaling Peptides inPlant direct · 2026Article
- Plant Peptides on the Rise: From Historical Insight to Future Applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- A RALF22-like Peptide Coordinates Salt Tolerance and Disease Susceptibility in Poplar (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- SPlant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Plant non-canonical peptides: From identification to mechanisms.Plant communications · 2026Review
- Insights into the roles of RALF peptides and CrRLK1L receptors in fruit ripening.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- The RALF-FERONIA Signaling Axis: A Central Hub Integrating Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Stress Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From roots to reproduction: the multifaceted roles of rapid alkalinization factor and epidermal patterning factor peptides in plants.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- A molecular perspective on the role of FERONIA in root growth, nutrient uptake, stress sensing and microbiome assembly.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- A plant viral effector subverts FER-RALF1 module-mediated intracellular immunity.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sexual reproduction in land plants: an evolutionary perspective.Plant reproduction · 2025Review
- Genome-wide exploration and characterization of the RALFs and analysis of its role in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- RALF-FER, a master ligand‒receptor pair in plant health.Crop health · 2025Review
- The Small Key to the Treasure Chest: Endogenous Plant Peptides Involved in Symbiotic Interactions.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Peptide hormones in plants.Molecular horticulture · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Identification of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pull the fuzes: Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity.Plant communications · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth. Although RALF peptides have been identified within many species, a single wide-ranging phylogenetic analysis of the family across the plant kingdom has not yet been undertaken. Here, we identified RALF proteins from 51 plant species that represent a variety of land plant lineages. The inferred evolutionary history of the 795 identified RALFs suggests that the family has diverged into four major clades. We found that much of the variation across the family exists within the mature peptide region, suggesting clade-specific functional diversification. Clades I, II, and III contain the features that have been identified as important for RALF activity, including the RRXL cleavage site and the YISY motif required for receptor binding. In contrast, members of clades IV that represent a third of the total dataset, is highly diverged and lacks these features that are typical of RALFs. Members of clade IV also exhibit distinct expression patterns and physico-chemical properties. These differences suggest a functional divergence of clades and consequently, we propose that the peptides within clade IV are not true RALFs, but are more accurately described as RALF-related peptides. Expansion of this RALF-related clade in the Brassicaceae is responsible for the large number of RALF genes that have been previously described in
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.