ArticlePLoS pathogens2017
The effective rate of influenza reassortment is limited during human infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Future of Flu: A Review of the Human Challenge Model and Systems Biology for Advancement of Influenza Vaccinology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Subtype-specific neutralizing antibodies promote antigenic shift during influenza virus co-infection.Virulence · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus evolution in Yunnan province, China, during 2018-2023.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Viral expansion after transfer is a primary driver of influenza A virus transmission bottlenecks.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Viral expansion after transfer is a primary driver of influenza A virus transmission bottlenecks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Variable rates of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in chronic infections.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- ViralBottleneck: an R package for estimating viral transmission bottlenecks from deep sequencing data using multiple methods.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Influenza A virus within-host evolution and positive selection in a densely sampled household cohort over three seasons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Transmission Bottleneck Size Estimation from De Novo Viral Genetic Variation.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Influenza A virus within-host evolution and positive selection in a densely sampled household cohort over three seasons.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Influenza A genomic diversity during human infections underscores the strength of genetic drift and the existence of tight transmission bottlenecks.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Influenza A virus reassortment in mammals gives rise to genetically distinct within-host subpopulations.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Modeling cellular co-infection and reassortment of bluetongue virus inVirus evolution · 2022Article
- Reconstruction of evolving gene variants and fitness from short sequencing reads.Nature chemical biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Within-Host Viral Diversity: A Window into Viral Evolution.Annual review of virology · 2020Review
- A large effective population size for established within-host influenza virus infection.eLife · 2020Article
- A de novo approach to inferring within-host fitness effects during untreated HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Teaching an Old Virus New Tricks: A Review on New Approaches to Study Age-Old Questions in Influenza Biology.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We characterise the evolutionary dynamics of influenza infection described by viral sequence data collected from two challenge studies conducted in human hosts. Viral sequence data were collected at regular intervals from infected hosts. Changes in the sequence data observed across time show that the within-host evolution of the virus was driven by the reversion of variants acquired during previous passaging of the virus. Treatment of some patients with oseltamivir on the first day of infection did not lead to the emergence of drug resistance variants in patients. Using an evolutionary model, we inferred the effective rate of reassortment between viral segments, measuring the extent to which randomly chosen viruses within the host exchange genetic material. We find strong evidence that the rate of effective reassortment is low, such that genetic associations between polymorphic loci in different segments are preserved during the course of an infection in a manner not compatible with epistasis. Combining our evidence with that of previous studies we suggest that spatial heterogeneity in the viral population may reduce the extent to which reassortment is observed. Our results do not contradict previous findings of high rates of viral reassortment in vitro and in small animal studies, but indicate that in human hosts the effective rate of reassortment may be substantially more limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.