ArticlePloS one2017
An outbreak of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis associated with contaminated barrelled water in many schools in Zhejiang, China.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of acute gastroenteritis associated with human bocavirus infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Improving knowledge, attitude and practice on norovirus infection diarrhea among staff of kindergartens and schools: a before-after study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Rapid GII Norovirus Detection Method Based on CRISPR-Cas12a.Polish journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Measures for preventing norovirus outbreaks on campus in economically underdeveloped areas and countries: evidence from rural areas in Western China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Improper handling of vomitus as a risk factor in the human norovirus outbreak in a kindergarten in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Natural Host-Environmental Media-Human: A New Potential Pathway of COVID-19 Outbreak.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2020Article
- Challenges for Safe and Healthy Drinking Water in China.Current environmental health reports · 2020Review
- Cholera outbreak in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, western India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2019Article
- Investigation of a large waterborne acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by group B rotavirus in Maharashtra state, India.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of Norovirus Outbreaks Reported to the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System, China, 2014⁻2017.Viruses · 2019Article
- Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Identifying Potential Norovirus Epidemics in China via Internet Surveillance.Journal of medical Internet research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesMore than 900 students and teachers at many schools in Jiaxing city developed acute gastroenteritis in February 2014. An immediate epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the pathogen, infection sources and route of transmission.
methodsThe probable cases and confirmed cases were defined as students or teachers with diarrhoea or vomiting present since the term began in February 2014. An active search was conducted for undiagnosed cases among students and teachers. Details such as demographic characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms, and drinking water preference and frequency were collected via a uniform epidemiological questionnaire. A case-control study was implemented, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Rectal swabs from several patients, food handlers and barrelled water factory workers, as well as water and food samples, were collected to test for potential bacteria and viruses.
resultsA total of 924 cases fit the definition of the probable case, including 8 cases of laboratory-confirmed norovirus infection at 13 schools in Jiaxing city between February 12 and February 21, 2014. The case-control study demonstrated that barrelled water was a risk factor (OR: 20.15, 95% CI: 2.59-156.76) and that bottled water and boiled barrelled water were protective factors (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70, and OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.77). A total of 11 rectal samples and 8 barrelled water samples were detected as norovirus-positive, and the genotypes of viral strains were the same (GII). The norovirus that contaminated the barrelled water largely came from the asymptomatic workers.
conclusionsThis acute gastroenteritis outbreak was caused by barrelled water contaminated by norovirus. The outbreak was controlled after stopping the supply of barrelled water. The barrelled water supply in China represents a potential source of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks due to the lack of surveillance and supervision. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this area.
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