Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Vitamin A and D Deficiencies Associated With Incident Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Multinational Case-Cohort Study.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of variant vitamin statuses and tuberculosis development: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and risk of incident tuberculosis disease: A nested case-control study, systematic review, and individual-participant data meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- The Impact of Vitamin A Deficiency on Tuberculosis Progression.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Inflammation and micronutrient biomarkers predict clinical HIV treatment failure and incident active TB in HIV-infected adults: a case-control study.BMC medicine · 2018Trial
- Exploring the Causal Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation on Susceptibility to Viral Pneumonia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of vitamin C deficiency on imaging patterns and ventilatory function in pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The global burden of tuberculosis attributable to diet high in processed meat from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- MEAN DIFFERENCE OF ZINC AND SELENIUM LEVELS AND TUBERCULOSIS OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN RECEIVING TREATMENT IN INDONESIA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Anaemia and associated factors in people living with HIV on ART in Southern Province of Zambia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Autophagy in mycobacterial infections: molecular mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Vitamin D status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Association of Micronutrients with Tuberculosis Development in HIV Infected Patients.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Article
- Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Vitamin D Concentrations in Infancy and the Risk of Tuberculosis Disease in Childhood: A Prospective Birth Cohort in Cape Town, South Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vitamin D : COVID-19 and the endocrine system: special issue for reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders (Felipe Casaneuva, Editor in Chief) A. Giustina and JP Bilezikian, Guest Editors.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Malnutrition leads to increased inflammation and expression of tuberculosis risk signatures in recently exposed household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- AllCurrent research in immunology · 2022Review
- Host-directed therapy to combat mycobacterial infections.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 16 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNumerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized.
methodsWe conducted a case-cohort study (n = 332) within a randomized trial comparing 3 ART regimens in 1571 HIV treatment-naive adults from 9 countries. A subcohort of 30 patients was randomly selected from each country (n = 270). Cases (n = 77; main cohort = 62, random subcohort = 15) included patients diagnosed with TB by 96 weeks post-ART initiation. We determined pretreatment concentrations of vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, and selenium. We measured associations between pretreatment micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB using Breslow-weighted Cox regression models.
resultsMedian pretreatment CD4 T-cell count was 170 cells/mm; 47.3% were women; and 53.6% Black. In multivariable models after adjusting for age, sex, country, treatment arm, previous TB, baseline CD4 count, HIV viral load, body mass index, and C-reactive protein, pretreatment deficiency in vitamin A (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 5.33, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54 to 18.43) and vitamin D (aHR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.16 to 11.51) were associated with TB post-ART.
conclusionsIn a diverse cohort of HIV-infected adults from predominantly low- and middle-income countries, deficiencies in vitamin A and vitamin D at ART initiation were independently associated with increased risk of incident TB in the ensuing 96 weeks. Vitamin A and D may be important modifiable risk factors for TB in high-risk HIV-infected patients starting ART in resource-limited highly-TB-endemic settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.