ArticleeLife2017
Measurements and models of electric fields in the
Article in eLife, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04780152 (Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 315 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) in Pediatric and Teenage Patients With Major Depressive Disorder During COVID-19 Pandemics
Who cites it
315 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder and the Role of Intensity: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Outcome measures for electric field modeling in tES and TMS: A systematic review and large-scale modeling study.NeuroImage · 2023Pooled it
- Transcranial current stimulation in epilepsy: A systematic review of the fundamental and clinical aspects.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Methodology for tDCS integration with fMRI.Human brain mapping · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic assessment of safety, tolerability and blinding effectiveness of kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP).Journal of neural engineering · 2026Trial
- Enhancing the response inhibition skill of soccer players with repeated tDCS: a randomized controlled ERP study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Personalized High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Evidence and sources of placebo effects in transcranial direct current stimulation during a single session of visuospatial working memory practice.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Electric field simulation and appropriate electrode positioning for optimized transcranial direct current stimulation of stroke patients: an in Silico model.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Dose-response in modulating brain function with transcranial direct current stimulation: From local to network levels.PLoS computational biology · 2023Trial
- High-definition Cathodal Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Cerebral Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined with Physiotherapy in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Trial
- No aftereffects of high current density 10 Hz and 20 Hz tACS on sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillations.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Interindividual variability of electric fields during transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS).Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- A double-blind sham-controlled phase 1 clinical trial of tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cocaine inpatients: Craving, sleepiness, and contemplation to change.The European journal of neuroscience · 2021Trial
- In-vivo imaging of targeting and modulation of depression-relevant circuitry by transcranial direct current stimulation: a randomized clinical trial.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production.Brain and language · 2020Trial
- High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation dissociates fronto-visual theta lateralization during visual selective attention.The Journal of physiology · 2020Trial
- Article
- 2 mA is NOT 2 mA: Electric field variability in high-definition tDCS and its implications for precision neuromodulation in aging.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the human brain are unknown. We measured electric potentials intracranially in ten epilepsy patients and estimated electric fields across the entire brain by leveraging calibrated current-flow models. When stimulating at 2 mA, cortical electric fields reach 0.8 V/m, the lower limit of effectiveness in animal studies. When individual whole-head anatomy is considered, the predicted electric field magnitudes correlate with the recorded values in cortical (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.