ArticleEcology and evolution2017
Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou.
Article in Ecology and evolution, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are Human Super-Predators Always Super-Scary? A Meta-Analysis of Wild Animal Behavioural Responses to Human Interactions.Ecology letters · 2025Pooled it
- The Human Shield Hypothesis: Does Predator Avoidance of Humans Create Refuges for Prey?Ecology letters · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms and impacts of migration by moose: The role of wildfire.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2026Article
- White-tailed deer limit their spatio-temporal overlap with hikers in a protected area.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Disturbed areas promote more parental care and less nesting preference in females of broad-snouted caiman (Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- Interacting lethal and nonlethal human activities shape complex risk tolerance behaviors in a mountain herbivore.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2022Article
- Behavioural Plasticity by Eastern Grey Kangaroos inResponse to Human Behaviour.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Compensatory conservation measures for an endangered caribou population under climate change.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Sharing the same slope: Behavioral responses of a threatened mesocarnivore to motorized and nonmotorized winter recreation.Ecology and evolution · 2018Article
- Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou.Ecology and evolution · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human presence in natural environments is often a source of stress that is perceived by large ungulates as an increased risk of predation. Alternatively, disturbance induced by hikers creates a relatively predator-free space that may serve as a refuge. We measured the behavioral responses of female caribou to disturbance associated with the presence of hikers during summer in the Gaspésie National Park. We used those data to determine whether caribou responded negatively to human activity (i.e., the
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.