ArticlePM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2017
Characterization of Neck Strength in Healthy Young Adults.
Article in PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical and Psychological Predictors for Persistent and Recurrent Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Neck Pain in Dental Education: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Neck Strength Differences.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Age-threshold for increased risk of developing back disorders: prospective cohort with 74 000 individuals from the UK Biobank.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors of Difficult Laryngeal Exposure in Suspension Laryngoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2024Article
- Neck strength alone does not mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players.PloS one · 2024Article
- Reference Values for Cervical Muscle Strength in Healthy Women Using a Hand-Held Dynamometer and the Association with Age and Anthropometric Variables.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Thermography and rasterstereography as a combined infrared method to assess the posture of healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions.Biology · 2023Review
- Repetitive soccer heading adversely impacts short-term learning among adult women.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2022Article
- Sensitivity of the Cervical Disc Loads, Translations, Intradiscal Pressure, and Muscle Activity Due to Segmental Mass, Disc Stiffness, and Muscle Strength in an Upright Neutral Posture.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- The relation between neck strength and psychological distress: preliminary evidence from collegiate soccer athletes.Concussion (London, England) · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the consumption of over-the-counter analgesics among amateur volleyball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- EPIDEMIOLOGY of NECK INJURIES ACCOMPANYING SPORT CONCUSSIONS in YOUTH OVER a 13-YEAR PERIOD IN a COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2019Article
- Neck Injury Comorbidity in Concussion-Related Emergency Department Visits: A Population-Based Study of Sex Differences Across the Life Span.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Article
- The Potential Role of the Cervical Spine in Sports-Related Concussion: Clinical Perspectives and Considerations for Risk Reduction.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of experimental neuroscience · 2019Review
- The Role of Neck Musculature in Traumatic Brain Injuries in Older Adults: Implications From Sports Medicine.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Article
- MRI-defined White Matter Microstructural Alteration Associated with Soccer Heading Is More Extensive in Women than Men.Radiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of cervical muscle (neck) strength in traumatic brain and spine injury and chronic neck pain disorders is an area of active research. Characterization of the normal ranges of neck strength in healthy young adults is essential to designing future investigations of how strength may act as a modifier for risk and progression in head and neck disorders.
objectiveTo develop a normative reference database of neck strength in a healthy young adult population, and to evaluate the relationship of neck strength to anthropometric measurements.
designCross-sectional.
settingAn academic medical center research institution.
participantsA total of 157 healthy young adults (18-35 years of age) had their neck strength measured with fixed frame dynamometry (FFD) during 1 visit to establish a normative neck strength database.
interventionsNot applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Peak and average strength of the neck muscles were measured in extension, forward flexion, and right and left lateral flexion using FFD. The ranges of peak and average neck strength were characterized and correlated with anthropometric characteristics.
resultsIn all, 157 subjects (84 male, 73 female; average age 27 years) were included in the normative sample. Neck strength ranged from 38 to 383 Newtons in men and from 15 to 223 Newtons in women. Normative data are provided for each gender in all 4 directions. Weight, body mass index, neck circumference, and estimated neck muscle volume were modestly correlated with neck strength in multiple directions (correlation coefficients < .4). In a multivariate regression model, weight in women and neck volume in men were significant predictors of neck strength.
conclusionsNeck strength in healthy young adults exhibits a broad range, is significantly different in men from that in women, and correlates only modestly with anthropometric characteristics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not applicable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.