ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2017
Non-invasive optical spectroscopic monitoring of breast development during puberty.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Future Potential for Intervention Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Tanner stages of thelarche in relation to anthropometric and ultrasound predictors in premenarcheal girls.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- A comparison of various methods for measuring breast density and breast tissue composition in adolescent girls and women.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and breast tissue composition in adolescent daughters and their mothers: a prospective cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Review
- Hair product use, age at menarche and mammographic breast density in multiethnic urban women.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2018Article
- Consistency, now what?Breast cancer research : BCR · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTanner staging (TS), a five-stage classification indicating no breast tissue (TS1) to full breast development (TS5), is used both in health research and clinical care to assess the onset of breast development (TS2) and duration in each stage. Currently, TS is measured both visually and through palpation but non-invasive methods will improve comparisons across settings.
methodsWe used optical spectroscopy (OS) measures from 102 girls at the Ontario site of the LEGACY girls study (average age 12 years, range 10.0-15.4 years) to determine whether breast tissue optical properties map to each TS. We further examined whether these properties differed by age, body mass index (BMI), and breast cancer risk score (BCRS) by examining the major principal components (PC).
resultsAge and BMI increased linearly with increasing TS. Eight PCs explained 99.9% of the variation in OS data. Unlike the linear increase with age and BMI, OS components had distinct patterns by TS: the onset of breast development (TS1 to TS2) was marked by elevation of PC3 scores indicating an increase in adipose tissue and decrease in signal from the pectoral muscle; transition to TS3 was marked by elevation of PC6 and PC7 and decline of PC2 scores indicating an increase in glandular or dense tissue; and transition to TS4+ by decline of PC2 scores representing a further increase in glandular tissue relative to adipose tissue. Of the eight PCs, three component scores (PC4, PC5, and PC8) remained in the best-fitting model of BCRS, suggesting different levels of collagen in the breast tissue by BCRS.
conclusionsOur results suggest that serial measures of OS, a non-invasive assessment of breast tissue characteristics, can be used as an objective outcome that does not rely on visual inspection or palpation, for studying drivers of breast development.
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