ArticlePloS one2017
Effect of Tobacco Smoking on The Clinical, Histopathological, and Serological Manifestations of Sjögren's Syndrome.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- From paradox to biology: shared genetic architecture underlies the inverse association between smoking and Sjögren's disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of smoking status on Sjögren's disease diagnosis and phenotype: results from a cohort study with matched population controls.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The association of cigarette smoking with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy: based on cross-sectional survey and mendelian randomization.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Systemic Sclerosis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Review
- The analysis of the pulmonary domain involvement in Sjögren's disease.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Article
- Immunoassay Detects Salivary Anti-SSA/Ro-52 Autoantibodies in Seronegative Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Associations Between Smoking and Primary Sjögren Syndrome Classification Using the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort.ACR open rheumatology · 2022Article
- Smoking associated with reduced odds of Sjögren's syndrome among rheumatoid arthritis patients.Scandinavian journal of rheumatology · 2022Observational
- Sex differences in comorbidities associated with Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Construction and Application of Polygenic Risk Scores in Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Associations of cigarette smoking with disease phenotype and type I interferon expression in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2019Article
- Association of Smoking and Obesity on the Risk of Developing Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A Population-based Cohort Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2019Article
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2019Article
- Association between Periodontal Disease and Subsequent Sjögren's Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Smoking, disease characteristics and serum cytokine levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the association of smoking habits with the clinical, serological, and histopathological manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren's sicca (non-SS sicca).
methodsCross-sectional case-control study of 1288 patients with sicca symptoms (587 SS and 701 non-SS sicca) evaluated in a multi-disciplinary research clinic. Smoking patterns were obtained from questionnaire data and disease-related clinical and laboratory data were compared between current, past, ever, and never smokers.
resultsCurrent smoking rates were 4.6% for SS patients compared to 14.1% in non-SS sicca (p = 5.17x10E-09), 18% in a local lupus cohort (p = 1.13x10E-14) and 16.8% in the community (p = 4.12x10E-15). Current smoking was protective against SS classification (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22-0.56, FDR q = 1.9E10-05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.15-0.44, FDR q = 1.52x10E-06), focus score ≥1 (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.13-0.39, FDR q = 1.43x10E-07), and anti-Ro/SSA(+) (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.2-0.64, FDR q = 0.0009); ever smoking was protective against the same features and against anti-La/SSB(+) (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.39-0.70, FDR q = 5.82x10E-05). Duration of smoking was inversely correlated with SS even after controlling for socioeconomic status, BMI, alcohol and caffeine consumption.
conclusionsCurrent tobacco smoking is negatively and independently associated with SS, protecting against disease-associated humoral and cellular autoimmunity. The overall smoking rate amongst SS patients is significantly lower than in matched populations and the effects of smoking are proportional to exposure duration. In spite of the protective effects of tobacco on SS manifestations, it is associated with other serious comorbidities such as lung disease, cardiovascular risk and malignancy, and should thus be strongly discouraged in patients with sicca.
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