ArticleOncogene2017
CGI-99 promotes breast cancer metastasis via autocrine interleukin-6 signaling.
Article in Oncogene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic variation in IL-6 rs1800796 and its association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma susceptibility in the Egyptian population.Journal of biosciences · 2026Article
- Polydatin: A natural compound with multifaceted anticancer properties.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Review
- RBMS1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through autocrine IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- IL-6/JAK/STAT3 Signaling in Breast Cancer Metastasis: Biology and Treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Epigenetics and environment in breast cancer: New paradigms for anti-cancer therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Changes in Pulmonary Microenvironment Aids Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14C promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via sustaining inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- The IL6-like Cytokine Family: Role and Biomarker Potential in Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Targeting Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer: A Precise Weapon on the Way.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Breast Cancer and Microcalcifications: An Osteoimmunological Disorder?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Two Opposing Faces of Retinoic Acid: Induction of Stemness or Induction of Differentiation Depending on Cell-Type.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- The role of clonal communication and heterogeneity in breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Interleukin 6 signaling maintains the stem-like properties of bladder cancer stem cells.Translational cancer research · 2019Article
- Adipocyte-derived IL-6 and leptin promote breast Cancer metastasis via upregulation of Lysyl Hydroxylase-2 expression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2018Article
- Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in breast tumor epithelium protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulates the tumor microenvironment.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Article
- Score for the Survival Probability in Metastasis Breast Cancer: A Nomogram-Based Risk Assessment Model.Cancer research and treatment · 2018Article
- Cancer/testis antigen-Plac1 promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through Furin/NICD/PTEN signaling pathway.Molecular oncology · 2018Article
- Simultaneous blockade of IL-6 and CCL5 signaling for synergistic inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Article
- TNFα-YAP/p65-HK2 axis mediates breast cancer cell migration.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- Insights into the Link Between Obesity and Cancer.Current obesity reports · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastatic relapse remains largely incurable and a major challenge of clinical management in breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we report that CGI-99 is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues from patients with metastatic recurrence within 5 years. High CGI-99 significantly predicts poorer 5-year metastasis-free patient survival. We find that CGI-99 increases breast cancer stem cell properties, and potentiates efficient tumor lung colonization and outgrowth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CGI-99 activates the autocrine interleukin-6 (IL-6)/STAT3 signaling by increasing the accumulation and activity of RNA polymerase II and p300 cofactor at the proximal promoter of IL-6. Importantly, delivery of the IL-6-receptor humanized monoclonal antibody tocilizumab robustly abrogates CGI-99-induced metastasis in vivo. Finally, we find that high levels of CGI-99 are significantly correlated with STAT3 hyperactivation in breast cancer patients. These findings reveal a potential mechanism for constitutive activation of autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling and may suggest a novel target for clinical intervention in breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.