ArticleScientific reports2017
Expression of human endogenous retrovirus-K is strongly associated with the basal-like breast cancer phenotype.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Expression and Immunogenicity of Human Endogenous Retroviral Proteins in Cancer and Discussion of Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Close to the Bedside: A Systematic Review of Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Impact in Oncology.The Journal of surgical research · 2019Pooled it
- HERV-R (ERV3-1) Env gene knockout reduces invasion, migration, and tumor growth in DLD1 colon cancer cells.BMB reports · 2026Article
- Estrogen-Driven Breast Carcinogenesis in a Rat Model is Linked to Retroelement Activation and Inflammation and is Susceptible to Lamivudine Treatment.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- An expression signature of 19 human endogenous retroviruses identifies immunogenic luminal breast cancers likely to respond to immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune System-Tumor Crosstalk Under Microgravity: Mechanistic Insights, Challenges, and Translational Perspectives.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Revolutionizing cancer treatment: an in-depth exploration of CAR-T cell therapies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- Precise Therapy Using the Selective Endogenous Encapsidation for Cellular Delivery Vector System.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- HervD Atlas: a curated knowledgebase of associations between human endogenous retroviruses and diseases.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Breast Cancer: Altered Expression Pattern Implicates Divergent Roles in Carcinogenesis.Oncology · 2024Article
- Prospects for breast cancer immunotherapy using microRNAs and transposable elements as objects.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- Long-range gene regulation in hormone-dependent cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Exploring HERV-K (HML-2) Influence in Cancer and Prospects for Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Human endogenous retrovirus K contributes to a stem cell niche in glioblastoma.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), which make up approximately 8% of the human genome, are overexpressed in some breast cancer cells and tissues but without regard to cancer subtype. We, therefore, analyzed TCGA RNA-Seq data to evaluate differences in expression of the HERV-K family in breast cancers of the various subtypes. Four HERV-K loci on different chromosomes were analyzed in basal, Her2E, LumA, and LumB breast cancer subtypes of 512 breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The results for all four loci showed higher HERV-K expression in the basal subtype, suggesting similar mechanisms of regulation regardless of locus. Expression of the HERV-K envelope gene (env) was highly significantly increased in basal tumors in comparison with the also-upregulated expression of other HERV-K genes. Analysis of reverse-phase protein array data indicated that increased expression of HERV-K is associated with decreased mutation of H-Ras (wild-type). Our results show elevation of HERV-K expression exclusively in the basal subtype of IDC breast cancer (as opposed to the other subtypes) and suggest HERV-K as a possible target for cancer vaccines or immunotherapy against this highly aggressive form of breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.