ArticleElectronic physician2016
Factors Associated with Hookah Smoking among University Students.
Article in Electronic physician, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- Adverse childhood experiences as predictors of alcohol and tobacco addiction risk among college students in Delhi-NCR, India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence and Determinants of Tobacco Smoking Among University Students in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Identifying the Determinants of Hookah Smoking Among the Youth; A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- The Prevalence of Water Pipe Smoking and Perceptions on its Addiction among University Students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Application of Social Cognitive Theory to Prevent Waterpipe Use in Male High-school Students in Kerman, Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThese days, hookah smoking has gained popularity among people in many communities, especially among youths and students, and more attention to this issue seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting hookah smoking among Sabzevar Azad University students.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on university students in Sabzevar, Iran in 2014. The questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were assessed. Three hundred six male students of Sabzevar Azad University were selected by simple random sampling and questionnaires were filled out by them. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and the Chi-Square and Independent-samples t-test.
resultsThe results showed that 47.7% of the participants had a history of smoking hookah. The main factors affecting hookah smoking from participants' point of view were: filling leisure time, availability of hookah, positive social appearance, friends' invitation and relief from anxieties. Chi-Square tests showed that there was no significant relationship between fathers' level of education (p=0.41), mothers' level of education (p=0.46), fathers' job (p=0.18), mothers' job (p=0.53) and students' current grade (p=0.41) with hookah smoking. The study showed significant relationship between present hookah smoking and awareness about complications of the hookah (p=0.01).
conclusionInterventions to reduce and quit hookah smoking among students should include several items, such as teaching problem-solving skills to fill leisure time properly and to deal with the temptation of hookah smoking, as well as teaching refusal skills at the invitation of friends for hookah.
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