ArticleInternational journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology2017
How many blinks are necessary for a reliable startle response? A test using the NPU-threat task.
Article in International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanistic link between right prefrontal cortical activity and anxious arousal revealed using transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- First evaluation of the emotional picture set of self-injury images (EPSI) using psychophysiological and self-report measures.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025Article
- Don't worry, it won't be fine. Contributions of worry and anxious arousal to startle responses and event-related potentials in threat anticipation.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation to the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex May Increase Potentiated Startle in Healthy Individuals.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Threat effects on attention networks in individuals with a history of externalizing behaviors.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2023Article
- Differential effects of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) ligand etifoxine and the benzodiazepine alprazolam on startle response to predictable threat in a NPU-threat task after acute and short-term treatment.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Fear Potentiated Startle in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Anxiety Symptoms and Amygdala Volume.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2021Article
- A way forward for anxiolytic drug development: Testing candidate anxiolytics with anxiety-potentiated startle in healthy humans.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
- Low-frequency parietal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces fear and anxiety.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Startle during threat longitudinally predicts functional impairment independent of DSM diagnoses.Psychiatry research · 2019Article
- Event-related potentials to threat of predictable and unpredictable shock.Psychophysiology · 2018Article
- The Impact of Alcohol and Social Context on the Startle Eyeblink Reflex.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- Using Event-Related Potentials and Startle to Evaluate Time Course in Anxiety and Depression.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Review
- Preliminary evidence that reactivity to uncertain threat is an endophenotype for alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- Dissociating the physiological components of unconscious emotional responses.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2017Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Emotion-modulated startle is a frequently used method in affective science. Although there is a growing literature on the reliability of this measure, it is presently unclear how many startle responses are necessary to obtain a reliable signal. The present study therefore evaluated the reliability of startle responding as a function of number of startle responses (NoS) during a widely used threat-of-shock paradigm, the NPU-threat task, in a clinical (N=205) and non-clinical (N=92) sample. In the clinical sample, internal consistency was also examined independently for healthy controls vs. those with panic disorder and/or major depression and retest reliability was assessed as a function of NoS. Although results varied somewhat by diagnosis and for retest reliability, the overall pattern of results suggested that six startle responses per condition were necessary to obtain acceptable reliability in clinical and non-clinical samples during this threat-of-shock paradigm in the present study.
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