ArticleThe American journal of pathology2017
The Increased Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Induced by Diabetes Protects Retinal Vessels.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiomics Integration Prioritizes ZFP36L1 as a Candidate Susceptibility Gene Associated With Inflammatory and Angiogenic Pathways in Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptor 9 in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Expression, function and the role of TGF-β1.Molecular vision · 2026Article
- Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and MicroRNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
- TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Melatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Sestrin2 in diabetes and diabetic complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Adiponectin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Endothelial Dysfunction, Highlighting Pathways, Regulators, and Networks.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Role of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological and clinical aspects.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Ocular TGF-Mediators of inflammation · 2021Article
- TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Patrolling Monocytes Are Recruited and Activated by Diabetes to Protect Retinal Microvessels.Diabetes · 2020Article
- Pericyte-Endothelial Interactions in the Retinal Microvasculature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Review
- Micro-RNAs 518d-3p and 618 Are Upregulated in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With Multiple Microvascular Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- TGF-β concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2018Observational
- Models of retinal diseases and their applicability in drug discovery.Expert opinion on drug discovery · 2018Review
- LncRNAs: Proverbial Genomic "Junk" or Key Epigenetic Regulators During Cardiac Fibrosis in Diabetes?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in extracellular matrix production and vascular remodeling, coupled with increased TGF-β expression and signaling in diabetes, suggest TGF-β as an important contributor to the microangiopathy of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. To investigate whether increased TGF-β signaling could be a therapeutic target for preventing retinopathy, we used a pharmacologic approach (SM16, a selective inhibitor of the type 1 TGF-β receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5, orally active) to inhibit the increased, but not the basal, Tgf-β signaling in retinal vessels of diabetic rats. At the level of vascular gene expression, 3.5 months' diabetes induced minimal changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused widespread changes in gene expression poised to enhance vascular inflammation, thrombosis, leakage, and wall instability; these changes were not observed in control rats given SM16. The synergy of diabetes and SM16 in altering gene expression was not observed in the lung. At the level of vascular network morphology, 7 months' diabetes induced no detectable changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused instead distorted morphology and decreased density. Thus, in diabetes, retinal vessels become dependent on a small increase in TGF-β signaling via activin receptor-like kinase 5 to maintain early integrity. The increased TGF-β signaling may protect against rapid retinopathy progression and should not be a target of inhibitory interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.