ReviewInfectious diseases of poverty2017
The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy.
Review in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated skin-lesion transcriptomics prioritises biomarker-candidate host-response genes with pharmacological annotation in leprosy type 1 reaction.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Comparison of serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism in leprosy patients with and without trophic ulcers: A case-control study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Serum levels of Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6, and leptin in patients with Mycobacterium leprae-Helminth Co-Infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Decoding leprosy: immune response, clinical manifestations and emerging diagnostic approaches.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Review
- Increased CD8Immunology · 2025Article
- A TLR7 Agonist Conjugated to a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel as a Potent Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- IFN-γ-Driven macrophage responses in the immunity toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Computational investigation of the global prevalence of multidrug resistantJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Multimodal AI/ML for discovering novel biomarkers and predicting disease using multi-omics profiles of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Leprosy in Brazil: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease estimates between 1990 and 2019.Public health · 2024Article
- Case Report: Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Associated with Type-2 Leprosy Reaction.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Leprosy reactions: Unraveling immunological mechanisms underlying tissue damage in leprosy patients.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Shared challenges to the control of complex intracellular neglected pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- A cost-effectiveness analysis of a novel algorithm to sequentially diagnose leprosy based on manufactured tests under the SUS perspective.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Review
- Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Case Report: Necrotizing Erythema Nodosum as a Manifestation of Lepromatous Leprosy Relapse 50 Years after the Initial Infection.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Methotrexate as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in leprosy reactions: A French multicenter retrospective study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- sTREM-1 and TNF-α levels are associated with the clinical outcome of leprosy patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to official reports from 121 countries across five WHO regions, there were 213 899 newly diagnosed cases in 2014. Although leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves, it can present across a spectrum of clinical and histopathological forms that are strongly influenced by the immune response of the infected individuals. These forms comprise the extremes of tuberculoid leprosy (TT), with a M. leprae-specific Th1, but also a Th17, response that limits M. leprae multiplication, through to lepromatous leprosy (LL), with M. leprae-specific Th2 and T regulatory responses that do not control M. leprae replication but rather allow bacterial dissemination. The interpolar borderline clinical forms present with similar, but less extreme, immune biases. Acute inflammatory episodes, known as leprosy reactions, are complications that may occur before, during or after treatment, and cause further neurological damages that can cause irreversible chronic disabilities. This review discusses the innate and adaptive immune responses, and their interactions, that are known to affect pathogenesis and influence the clinical outcome of leprosy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.