ArticleAddictive behaviors2017
Measuring youth beliefs about the harms of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Disparities in E-Cigarette Harm and Addiction Perceptions Among Adolescents in the United States: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Instruments to measure e-cigarette related constructs: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Developing and Validating Measures of Absolute and Relative E-Cigarette Product Risk Perceptions: Single Items Can Be Surprisingly Comprehensive.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Latent profile analysis reveals diverse perceptions of tobacco product risks among youth.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Policy influences on adolescent risk perceptions of vaping.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Youths' Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Young Adult E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Users Attitudes, Substance Use Behaviors, Mental Health, and Neurocognitive Performance.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Inside the adolescent voice: A qualitative analysis of the appeal of different tobacco products.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Impact of menthol on nicotine intake and preference in mice: Concentration, sex, and age differences.Neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Perceived risk of electronic cigarettes compared with combustible cigarettes: direct versus indirect questioning.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Harm perceptions and tobacco use initiation among youth in Wave 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Youth perception of harm and addictiveness of tobacco products: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1).Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Predictors of Smokeless Tobacco Susceptibility, Initiation, and Progression Over Time Among Adolescents in a Rural Cohort.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use.Pediatrics · 2018Article
- Harm perceptions of electronic cigarettes and nicotine: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of young people in Great Britain.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Perception Differences of Rural Male Youth.Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- German Public Support for Tobacco Control Policy Measures: Results from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA), a Representative National Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined validity of direct and indirect measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) compared to cigarettes. On direct measures, people compare one product to another, whereas on indirect measures, people rate each product separately and the researcher compares these ratings. Data from youth in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-2014) were analyzed (N=13,651 youth aged 12-17years). The study included direct measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and SLT compared to cigarettes, and indirect measures were created by comparing ratings of the products. Weighted multinomial logistic regressions tested criterion validity by assessing whether direct and indirect measures were associated with criterion variables, including use of e-cigarettes and SLT. Youth were more likely to rate e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes on the indirect measure (67.3%) than the direct measure (50.2%). The same pattern held for ratings of SLT as less harmful than cigarettes (indirect: 29.7%; direct: 11.7%). Direct measures explained unique variance in product use criterion variables even after adjusting for indirect measures, as did indirect measures after adjusting for direct measures. However, the criterion variables were more often associated with the direct measures than the indirect measures. Results offer preliminary support for using both direct and indirect measures when assessing youth's perceived relative harm of various types of products. However, if researchers cannot include both direct and indirect measures in a study, associations with product use criterion variables support prioritizing direct measures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.