ArticleOncotarget2017
Small G protein Rac GTPases regulate the maintenance of glioblastoma stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glioblastoma research on zebrafish xenograft models: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- NSC23766 effectively inhibited retinal neovascularization by disrupting the positive feedback loop between Rac1 and VEGFR2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Zebrafish Model in Animal and Human Health Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Speeding up Glioblastoma Cancer Research: Highlighting the Zebrafish Xenograft Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Novel insights into immune-related genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- WNT Signaling in Stem Cells: A Look into the Non-Canonical Pathway.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Pancancer Analysis Revealed the Value of RAC2 in Immunotherapy and Cancer Stem Cell.Stem cells international · 2023Article
- Modeling Brain Tumors: A Perspective Overview ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Master Regulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and WNT Signaling Pathways in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Rac inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for EGFR/HER2 targeted therapy resistant breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Glioblastoma and Zebrafish Models for the Discovery of New Treatments.Cancers · 2021Review
- Personalizing Oncolytic Virotherapy for Glioblastoma: In Search of Biomarkers for Response.Cancers · 2021Review
- STAT3 but Not STAT5 Contributes to the Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Activation of STAT transcription factors by the Rho-family GTPases.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Role of Rho GTPases in Motility and Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2020Review
- ACT001 reduces the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioblastoma.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GEFs in Metastatic Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. The existence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) or stem-like cells (stemloids) may account for its invasiveness and high recurrence. Rac proteins belong to the Rho small GTPase subfamily which regulates cell movement, proliferation, and survival. To investigate whether Rac proteins can serve as therapeutic targets for glioblastoma, especially for GSCs or stemloids, we examined the potential roles of Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 on the properties of tumorspheres derived from glioblastoma cell lines. Tumorspheres are thought to be glioblastoma stem-like cells. We showed that Rac proteins promote the STAT3 and ERK activation and enhance cell proliferation and colony formation of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Knockdown of Rac proteins reduces the expression of GSC markers, such as CD133 and Sox2. The in vivo effects of Rac proteins in glioblastoma were further studied in zebrafish and in the mouse xenotransplantation model. Knocking-down Rac proteins abolished the angiogenesis effect induced by the injected tumorspheres in zebrafish model. In the CD133+-U373-tumorsphere xenotransplanted mouse model, suppression of Rac proteins decreased the incidence of tumor formation and inhibited the tumor growth. Moreover, knockdown of Rac proteins reduced the sphere forming efficiency of cells derived from these tumors. In conclusion, not only Rac1 but also Rac2 and 3 are important for glioblastoma tumorigenesis and can serve as the potential therapeutic targets against glioblastoma and its stem-like cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.