ArticleBMC psychiatry2017
Effects over time of self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and loneliness among Australian school students.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Experiences of Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2023Pooled it
- Perceived connectedness during the perinatal period: Implications for parent and child well-being.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026Review
- Through their eyes: Understanding the immediate and cumulative impact of vicarious discrimination on adolescents' socioemotional and cognitive-affective reactions.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Mediating mechanisms in the discrimination - Mental health link among Mexican-origin adolescents: A latent growth curve mediation analysis.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Mental Health in Relation to Xenophobic Experiences among African University Students in South Africa.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- School Connectedness Boosts Mental Health in Indigenous Adolescents With Adverse Childhood Experiences: Mediation Analysis of a Longitudinal Study in Australia.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health: Exploring Direct and Indirect Pathways.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- Impact of the sense of power on loneliness among international students in China: the chain mediating role of perceived discrimination and loneliness stigma.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Risk and Protective Factors for Gambling Among Youth by origin: Findings from the three waves of cross-sectional Finnish School Health Promotion Study among 238,939 Students.Journal of gambling studies · 2024Article
- Victimization experiences, internalizing problems and family bonds among adolescents from the UK: multi-group structural equation modeling using an intersectionality-informed approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- On social health: history, conceptualization, and population patterning.Health psychology review · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Anti-Chinese Discrimination, Current Pandemic Stress, And Adolescents' Mental Health.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Perceived racial discrimination and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents in the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Article
- Optimism and Intolerance to Uncertainty May Mediate the Negative Effect of Discrimination on Mental Health in Migrant Population.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Young Adult Development Indicators for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous People: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exploring the nature and variation of the stigma associated with loneliness.Journal of social and personal relationships · 2022Article
- Racism in Australia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Fifteen-year trends in self-reported racism and link with health and well-being of African Canadian adolescents: a secondary data analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRacism and racial discrimination are increasingly acknowledged as a critical determinant of health and health inequalities. However, patterns and impacts of racial discrimination among children and adolescents remain under-investigated, including how different experiences of racial discrimination co-occur and influence health and development over time. This study examines associations between self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences and loneliness and depressive symptoms over time among Australian school students.
methodsAcross seven schools, 142 students (54.2% female), age at T1 from 8 to 15 years old (M = 11.14, SD = 2.2), and from diverse racial/ethnic and migration backgrounds (37.3% born in English-speaking countries as were one or both parents) self-reported racial discrimination experiences (direct and vicarious) and mental health (depressive symptoms and loneliness) at baseline and 9 months later at follow up. A full cross-lagged panel design was modelled using MPLUS v.7 with all variables included at both time points.
resultsA cross-lagged effect of perceived direct racial discrimination on later depressive symptoms and on later loneliness was found. As expected, the effect of direct discrimination on both health outcomes was unidirectional as mental health did not reciprocally influence reported racism. There was no evidence that vicarious racial discrimination influenced either depressive symptoms or loneliness beyond the effect of direct racial discrimination.
conclusionsFindings suggest direct racial discrimination has a persistent effect on depressive symptoms and loneliness among school students over time. Future work to explore associations between direct and vicarious discrimination is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.