ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and Other Biomedical Applications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Action of Antimicrobial Peptides and Antibiotics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intestinal Microbiota Mediates the Beneficial Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Properties in Lambs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Enhanced controlled drug delivery of berberine-loaded gelatin nanoparticles: characterization andRSC advances · 2026Article
- Adverse Impact of Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid on the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cefiderocol and Nanosilver Against Gram-NegativePharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Anti-Angiogenic RNAi-Based Treatment of Endometriosis in a Rat Model Using CXCR4-Targeted Peptide Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Enhancing Cannabidiol Apparent Solubility and Oral Delivery: Self-assembled Nanomicelles of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer with γ-Polyglutamic Acid-grafted Cholesterol.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Biodegradable Nanoparticles Encapsulating Murine Double Minute 2 siRNA to Treat Peritoneal Dissemination of Colon Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Microbial production and functional assessment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Serum-Resistant Ternary DNA Polyplexes for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hydrophobic Modification of Poly(γ-glutamic acid) by Grafting 4-Phenyl-butyl Side Groups for the Encapsulation and Release of Doxorubicin.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate forFrontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Engineering of a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01 for poly-γ-glutamic acid production from citric acid.Microbial cell factories · 2022Article
- Hydrophilic Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Nanodrug Delivery System: Structural Influence and Antitumor Efficacy.Polymers · 2022Article
- Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Nanocarriers: Overcoming Barriers to Treat Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Polymer-Based Nanosystems-A Versatile Delivery Approach.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Analysis of the cytotoxic effects, cellular uptake and cellular distribution of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles in glioblastoma cellsExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Polyglutamic acid grafted dopamine modified collagen-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for a potential wound dressing.Designed monomers and polymers · 2021Article
- Advances in drug delivery systems: Work in progress still needed?International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past decade, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based micro/nanoparticles have garnered remarkable attention as antimicrobial agents and for drug delivery, owing to their controlled and sustained-release properties, low toxicity, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. γ-PGA is a naturally occurring biopolymer produced by several gram-positive bacteria that, due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties, has been used successfully in the medical, food and wastewater industries. Moreover, its carboxylic group on the side chains can offer an attachment point to conjugate antimicrobial and various therapeutic agents, or to chemically modify the solubility of the biopolymer. The unique characteristics of γ-PGA have a promising future for medical and pharmaceutical applications. In the present review, the structure, properties and micro/nanoparticle preparation methods of γ-PGA and its derivatives are covered. Also, we have highlighted the impact of micro/nanoencapsulation or immobilisation of antimicrobial agents and various disease-related drugs on biodegradable γ-PGA micro/nanoparticles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.